Table 1.
Clinical characteristics.
| DEVELOPMENT | EXTERNAL VALIDATION | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | WBRT | OSC | Whole cohort | WBRT | OSC | Whole cohort |
| n = 389(81.2%) | n = 90(18.8%) | n = 479 | n = 76(76%) | n = 24(24%) | n = 100 | |
| Patient profile | ||||||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 60.6 ± 11.2 | 63.1 ± 12.3 | 61.1 ± 11.4 | 63.2 ± 1.0 | 61.8 ± 10.3 | 62.8 ± 9.2 |
| Female | 162 (41.7%) | 47 (51.1%) | 209 (43.5%) | 31 (41%) | 12 (50%) | 43 (43.0%) |
| KPS ≥ 70% | 250 (65.5%) | 35 (38.5%) | 285 (60.3%) | 48 (63%) | 6 (25%) | 54 (54.0%) |
| Disease profile | ||||||
| Histology | ||||||
| - Adenocarcinoma | 304 (78.2%) | 76 (84.4%) | 380 (79.3%) | 58 (76%) | 18 (75%) | 76 (76.0%) |
| - Non-adenocarcinoma | 85 (21.8%) | 14 (15.6%) | 99 (20.7%) | 18 (24%) | 6 (25%) | 24 (24.0%) |
| EGFR/ALK mutation | ||||||
| - Positive | 44 (11.3%) | 15 (16.3%) | 62 (13.0%) | 7 (9%) | 3 (13%) | 10 (10.0%) |
| - Negative | 47 (12.1%) | 11 (12.0%) | 55 (11.4%) | 6 (8%) | 1 (4%) | 7 (7.0%) |
| - Unknown | 298 (76.6%) | 66 (71.7%) | 364 (75.7%) | 63 (83%) | 20 (83%) | 83 (83.0%) |
| Neurological symptoms | ||||||
| - None | 48 (12.3%) | 8 (8.8%) | 56 (11.7%) | 3 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (3.0%) |
| - Mild | 107 (27.5%) | 15 (16.5%) | 122 (25.4%) | 13 (17%) | 1 (4%) | 14 (14.0%) |
| - Major | 234 (60.2%) | 68 (74.7%) | 302 (62.9%) | 59 (79%) | 23 (96%) | 82 (83.0%) |
| Extra-cranial disease | ||||||
| - Controlled lung and no ECM | 28 (8.4%) | 5 (6.4%) | 33 (8.0%) | 5 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (5.0%) |
| - Controlled lung & ECM | 43 (12.8%) | 6 (7.7%) | 49 (11.9%) | 17 (23%) | 6 (29%) | 23 (24.0%) |
| - Uncontrolled lung or ECM | 58 (17.3%) | 15 (19.2%) | 73 (17.7%) | 7 (9%) | 2 (10%) | 9 (9.0%) |
| - First diagnosis lung with any ECM | 206 (61.5%) | 52 (66.7%) | 258 (62.5%) | 45 (61%) | 13 (62%) | 58 (61.0%) |
| Previous systemic treatment | 159 (41.6%) | 35 (38.0%) | 194 (40.9%) | 12 (50%) | 40 (40.0%) | |
| Further systemic treatment | 139 (35.7%) | 14 (15.2%) | 153 (31.8%) | 15 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (15.0%) |
| RPA | ||||||
| - Class I | 33 (9.5%) | 2 (2.4%) | 35 (8.1%) | 3 (4.0%) | 1 (4.4%) | 4 (4.08%) |
| - Class II | 197 (56.5%) | 31 (37.4%) | 228 (52.8%) | 46 (61.3%) | 6 (26.1%) | 52 (53.1%) |
| - Class III | 119 (34.1%) | 50 (60.2%) | 169 (39.1%) | 42 (42.7%) | 16 (69.6%) | 42 (42.9%) |
| LungMol GPA | ||||||
| ▪ Adenocarcinoma | ||||||
| - GPA 0–1 | 105 (39.0%) | 29 (56.9%) | 134 (41.9%) | 20 (46.5%) | 11 (78.6%) | 31 (54.4%) |
| - GPA 1.5–2 | 115 (42.8%) | 15 (29.4%) | 130 (40.6%) | 16 (37.2%) | 2 (14.3%) | 18 (31.6%) |
| - GPA 2.5–3 | 45 (16.7%) | 7 (13.7%) | 52 (16.3%) | 7 (16.2%) | 1 (7.1%) | 8 (14%) |
| - GPA 3.5–4 | 4 (1.5%) | – | 4 (1.3%) | – | – | – |
| ▪ Non-adenocarcinoma | ||||||
| - GPA 0–1 | 25 (33.8%) | 6 (50%) | 31 (36.1%) | 2 (12.5%) | 4 (100%) | 6 (30%) |
| - GPA 1.5–2 | 36 (48.7%) | 5 (41.7%) | 41 (47.7%) | 10 (62.5%) | – | 10 (50%) |
| - GPA 2.5–3 | 13 (17.6%) | 1 (8.3%) | 14 (16.3%) | 4 (25%) | – | 4 (20%) |
ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene; ECM, extracranial metastasis; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; KPS, Karnofsky performance status; M, missing values; OSC, optimal supportive care; WBRT, whole brain radiotherapy.