Table. Characteristics of patients with and without Down syndrome in a study of risk for severe illness and death among pediatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19, Brazil*.
| Characteristics |
No. participants |
p value |
|
| With Down syndrome, n = 236 |
Without Down syndrome, n = 14,448 |
||
| Median age, y (IQR) |
3.4 (0.6–12.4) |
3.6 (0.7–11.5) |
0.670 |
| Sex, % | N = 236 | N = 14,440 | |
| M | 50.0 | 53.9 | 0.237 |
| F |
50.0 |
46.1 |
|
| Died, no. (%) |
56 (23.7) |
1,181 (8.2) |
<0.001 |
| Median time to recover, d (IQR) |
8.5 (4.0–18.0), n =172 |
5.0 (3.0–10.0), n = 11,919 |
<0.001 |
| Region, no. (%) | |||
| North | 17 (7.2) | 907 (6.3) | 0.501 |
| Northeast | 42 (17.8) | 3,350 (23.2) | 0.052 |
| Southeast | 100 (42.4) | 6,908 (47.8) | 0.101 |
| Center West | 23 (9.7) | 1,330 (9.2) | 0.734 |
| South |
54 (22.9) |
1,953 (13.5) |
<0.001 |
| Ethnicity, no. (%) | n = 191 | n = 11,210 | |
| Caucasian | 107 (56.0) | 4,894 (43.7) | 0.001 |
| Asian | 1 (0.5) | 87 (0.8) | >0.999 |
| Hispanic | 82 (42.9) | 6,150 (54.9) | 0.001 |
| Indigenous | 1 (0.5) | 79 (0.7) | >0.999 |
| Missing |
42 (19.1), n = 236 |
3,238 (22.4), n = 14,448 |
0.238 |
| Signs and symptoms, no. (%) | |||
| Asymptomatic | 1 (0.4) | 60 (0.4) | >0.999 |
| Abdominal pain | 13 (5.5) | 883 (6.1) | 0.891 |
| Anosmia | 2 (0.8) | 304 (2.1) | 0.248 |
| Ageusia | 1 (0.4) | 297 (2.1) | 0.097 |
| Coryza | 18 (8.1) | 1,470 (10.2) | 0.328 |
| Cough | 134 (56.8) | 8,909 (61.7) | 0.138 |
| Diarrhea | 48 (20.3) | 1,979 (13.7) | 0.006 |
| Dyspnea | 141 (59.7) | 7,059 (48.9) | 0.001 |
| Fatigue | 23 (9.7) | 1,250 (8.7) | 0.559 |
| Fever | 163 (69.1) | 9,676 (67.0) | 0.530 |
| Headache | 6 (2.5) | 800 (5.5) | 0.043 |
| Myalgia | 1 (0.4) | 387 (2.7) | 0.023 |
| Oxygen saturation <95% | 139 (58.9) | 5,400 (37.4) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory discomfort | 141 (59.7) | 6,612 (45.8) | <0.001 |
| Sore throat | 31 (13.1) | 1,941 (13.4) | >0.999 |
| Vomiting | 41 (17.4) | 2,447 (16.9) | 0.861 |
| Other symptoms |
77 (32.6) |
5,189 (35.9) |
0.306 |
| Underlying conditions, no. (%) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 84 (35.6) | 505 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Hematologic disease | 4 (1.7) | 274 (1.9) | >0.999 |
| Liver disease | 2 (0.8) | 68 (0.5) | 0.311 |
| Asthma | 13 (5.5) | 1,050 (7.3) | 0.374 |
| Diabetes | 2 (0.8) | 286 (2.0) | 0.337 |
| Neurologic disease | 20 (8.5) | 805 (5.6) | 0.063 |
| Pulmonary disease | 11 (4.7) | 301 (2.1) | 0.018 |
| Immunocompromised | 16 (6.8) | 513 (3.6) | 0.013 |
| Renal disease | 6 (2.5) | 189 (1.3) | 0.137 |
| Obesity |
6 (2.5) |
324 (2.2) |
0.658 |
| Intervention, no. (%) | |||
| Antiviral against influenza | 30 (12.7) | 1,559 (10.8) | 0.341 |
| ICU admission | 112 (47.5) | 3,904 (27.0) | <0.001 |
| Ventilation | 159 (67.4) | 6,426 44.5) | <0.001 |
| Influenza vaccinate | 18 (7.6) | 981 (6.8) | 0.601 |
| COVID-19 vaccine | 3 (1.3) | 81 (0.6) | 0.153 |
*ICU, intensive care unit.