Figure 3.

Graphs showing differences in stress response in the left (LV) and right ventricle (RV) between patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) and controls relative to resting values. Box and whiskers show median, IQR, and min to max. Patients are marked with filled circles and controls with open circles. (a) Patients did not increase cardiac output (CO) and heart rate (HR) as much as controls but there was no difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP). (b) Left‐ventricular efficiency and external power did not increase as much in patients with ASD as in controls. Energy per ejected volume remained unchanged in both groups.