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. 2022 Jul 10;20(10):2350–2365. doi: 10.1111/jth.15794

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

VEGF‐A plays a key role in modulating breast cancer‐induced VWF secretion. (A) VEGF‐A levels in supernatant from breast tumor cell supernatants cultured with and without platelets (plts) were measured by ELISA. (B) MDA‐MB‐231 and (C) MCF‐7 cells were cultured with or without platelets in the presence and absence of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH; Tinzaparin 100 IU/ml) and supernatant subsequently applied to HUVEC monolayer. VWF release was measured by ELISA following 15 and 30 min of stimulation. (D) MDA‐MB‐231 and (E) MCF‐7 cells were co‐cultured with platelets and treated with LMWH (Tinzaparin‐100 IU/ml), or anti‐VEGF antibody (bevacizumab 100 ng/ml) or a combination of both. This supernatant was subsequently applied to HUVEC monolayer. VWF release was measured by ELISA following 15 and 30 min of stimulation. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments Data were analyzed with anova followed by Bonferroni t ‐test and p values < .05 were considered to be significant (*p < .05, **p < .005, ***p < .001).