TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics and prevalence of the different health and academic indicators by sex
| Measurements |
Total sample n = 1573 |
Girls n = 712 |
Boys n = 861 |
p‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 13.05 ± 0.86 | 12.98 ± 0.82 | 13.10 ± 0.88 | <0.01 |
| Socioeconomic status (€) | 21238.25 ± 3018.85 | 21249.59 ± 3098.29 | 21229.32 ± 2957.14 | 0.910 |
| Health‐related behaviors | ||||
| Screen time on school days (min/day) | 165.31 ± 127.23 | 152.76 ± 123.67 | 171.62 ± 131.08 | <0.01 |
| Screen time of non‐school days (min/day) | 365.55 ± 201.95 | 302.69 ± 173.27 | 411.68 ± 208.63 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (1–5) | 3.10 ± 0.75 | 2.92 ± 0.73 | 3.25 ± 0.73 | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration on school days (h/day) | 8.27 ± 0.99 | 8.24 ± 0.89 | 8.343 ± 0.98 | 0.070 |
| Sleep duration on non‐school days (h/day) | 9.52 ± 1.64 | 9.81 ± 1.45 | 9.40 ± 1.73 | <0.001 |
| Mediterranean diet (−4 to 12) | 5.78 ± 2.49 | 5.73 ± 2.57 | 5.81 ± 2.42 | 0.619 |
| Body fat (%) | 27.84 ± 10.76 | 28.90 ± 7.79 | 27.00 ± 12.57 | <0.001 |
| Physical fitness | ||||
| Cardiorespiratory fitness (ml/kg/min) | 42.52 ± 5.95 | 39.94 ± 4.30 | 44.55 ± 6.27 | <0.001 |
| Standing long jump (cm) | 158.59 ± 44.08 | 142.41 ± 27.09 | 171.32 ± 50.28 | <0.001 |
| Handgrip strength/weight | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 0.48 ± 0.11 | <0.001 |
| Muscular strength (z‐score) | 0.00 ± 0.88 | −0.31 ± 0.70 | 0.24 ± 0.93 | <0.001 |
| Academic performance (0–10) | 7.20 ± 1.65 | 7.36 ± 1.61 | 7.07 ± 1.68 | <0.01 |
Note: Muscular strength: handgrip + standing long jump.
Abbreviations: M, medium; SD, standard deviation.