Table 1.

Characteristics of eligible systematic reviews included in this review (n = 7).

Reference	Population	Intervention	Comparator	Outcome(s)	Method of detecting the outcome	Search date	Prevention / secondary prevention	Nutrition / supplements	Study type
Chapman et al. (2019)	Adults in the general population, with and/or without AMD	High Mediterranean, Western, and Oriental diet pattern scores High intake of various food groups: olive oil; DHA + EPA; fish consumption; omega 3 and omega 6; glycaemic index; carotenoids; multi‐micro‐nutrients; meat; alcohol; dairy products	Low intake of the various dietary patterns and food groups	Incidence and progression of AMD	Fundus photographs or self‐reported and confirmed by medical record review	Aug‐17	Both	Nutrition	All
Dinu et al. (2019)	Clinically healthy adults	High intake of food groups and alcohol. Food groups: vegetables, fruit, nuts, grain, meat, dairy products, fish, butter, margarine, oils, and alcohol	Low intake of the various food groups and alcohol	Occurrence of AMD subgroup analysis for early and late	Fundus photographs or self‐reported and confirmed by medical record review	Jan‐18	Prevention	Nutrition	Prospective cohort studies
Evans and Lawrenson (2017a)	People in the general population, with or without diseases other than AMD	Antioxidant vitamin or mineral supplementation, alone or in combination: vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids (including the macular pigment carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin), selenium, and zinc	Placebo or no intervention	Development of: any AMD (early or late, or both), late AMD (neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy, or both), neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy; quality of life; resource use and costs	Fundus photographs or self‐reported and confirmed by medical record review	Mar‐17	Prevention	Supplements	RCTs
Evans and Lawrenson (2017b)	People with AMD	Antioxidant vitamin or mineral supplementation, alone or in combination: vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids (including the macular pigment carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin), selenium, and zinc	Placebo or no intervention	Progression to late AMD; progression to neovascular AMD; progression to geographic atrophy; progression to visual loss; quality of life; resource use and costs	Fundus photographs or self‐reported and confirmed by medical record review	Mar‐17	Secondary prevention	Supplements	RCTs
Lawrenson and Evans (2015)	General population with or without AMD	Omega 3 fatty acids, either as fish oil capsules or dietary manipulation	Placebo or no intervention	Developing incident AMD or new visual loss attributed to AMD; progression of AMD; quality of life; adverse outcomes	Fundus photographs	Feb‐15	Both	Both	RCTs
Waugh et al. (2018)	Patient with dry age‐related macular degeneration, general population	Any supplement or dietary intake. Focus on AREDS, lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation, fatty acids and antioxidants, homocysteine, folic acid and vitamins; ginkgo biloba extract; HESA‐A; saffron; curcumin; zinc	Any comparator	AMD, progression, reverse of complaints	Fundus photographs or self‐reported and confirmed by medical record review	Jul‐17	Both	Both	All study types
Zhong et al. (2021)	General population with or without AMD	Dietary fatty acid intake	Low intake of dietary fatty acids	Incidence of early or advanced AMD	Fundus photographs or self‐reported and confirmed by medical record review	May‐20	Secondary prevention	Nutrition	Prospective cohort studies

AMD = age‐related macular degeneration; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; RCT = randomized controlled trial.