TABLE 1.

Characteristics of included trials (n = 28)

Study	Country	Study design	Number of participants	Intervention type	Outcome	Disease site	Setting	Risk of bias
Randomized trials (n = 13)
Alamoudi 2018 12	Canada	Randomized controlled trial	20	Submental liposuction	Lymphedema	Oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, neck, nasal cavity,	Hospital	High
Bhatia 2017 13	United States	Randomized controlled trial	176	13 Cis‐retinoic acid	Prevention of second primary cancer	Oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx	Hospital	Medium
Cramer 2021 14	United States	Randomized controlled trial, post hoc analysis	171	Lung cancer screening	Incidence of second primary lung cancer	Oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, nasal cavity, sinus	Hospital	Medium
Guglielmo 2020 15	Italy	Randomized controlled trial	32	Ginseng	Fatigue	Oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, paranasal sinus, salivary, unknown primary	Hospital	High
Jansen 2020 16	Netherlands	Randomized controlled trial	92	Guided self‐help program	Swallow/communication	HNC NOS	Hospital	Medium
Kaae 2020 17	Denmark	Randomized controlled trial	91	Chewing gum	Dry mouth	Oropharynx, oral cavity	Hospital	High
McNeely 2015 18	Canada	Randomized controlled trial	52	Resistance exercise	Shoulder dysfunction	Oropharynx, oral, larynx, hypopharynx, thyroid, other.	Hospital	Medium
Millgard 2020 19	Sweden	Randomized controlled trial	74	Voice rehabilitation	Voice quality	Larynx	Hospital	High
Pereira 2020 20	Brazil	Randomized controlled trial	40	Pilocarpine spray	Dry mouth	HNC NOS	Hospital	Medium
Schutte 2021 21	Netherlands	Randomized controlled trial	134	Stepped care program	Sexual interest/enjoyment	Oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, other	Hospital	High
Tang 2011 22	China	Randomized controlled trial	43	Rehab therapy	Trismus and dysphagia	Nasopharynx	Hospital and home	High
Vadcharavivad 2013 23	Thailand	Randomized controlled trial	50	Saliva substitute	Dry mouth	HNC NOS	Hospital	High
Wu 2019 24	Australia	Randomized controlled trial	41	Endoscopic dilation	Dysphagia	HNC NOS	Hospital	Low
Non‐randomized prospective studies (N = 15)
Al‐Bazie 2016 25	Saudi Arabia	Single arm prospective study	89	Perioperative antibiotics and antibacterial mouthwash	Prevention of osteoradionecrosis after dental extractions	Nasopharynx, oral cavity, maxilla	Hospital	High
Chan 2004 26	China	Non‐randomized experimental study	29	Alpha‐tocopherol	Cognitive function for temporal lobe necrosis	Nasopharynx	Hospital	Medium
Chen 2020 27	Taiwan	Single‐arm prospective study	175	Endoscopic surveillance	Metachronous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx	Hospital	High
DeLeeuw 2013 28	Netherlands	Non‐randomized experimental study	160	Nurse‐led additional follow‐up consults	Psychosocial adjustment and HRQOL	Oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, other	Hospital	Medium
Dholam 2011 29	India	Single arm prospective study	12	Implant‐retained dental prosthesis into reconstructed maxillae and mandibles	Quality of life questionnaires and speech assessment software	HNC NOS	Hospital	High
Fong 2014 30	Hong Kong	Non‐randomized experimental study	52	Qigong training	HRQOL, physical	Nasopharynx	Community and home‐based	Medium
Fong 2014 31
Kraaijenga 2017 32	Netherlands	Single‐arm prospective study	18	Swallowing exercise program	Dysphagia	Oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, larynx, neck, parotid	Hospital	High
Liu 2021 33	Taiwan	Parallel arm prospective study	217	Carotid duplex ultrasound	Carotid artery stenosis progression	Nasopharynx, HNC NOS	Hospital	High
Manne 2020 34	United States	Single‐arm prospective study	66	Web‐based tool	Feasibility, preliminary impact on health/QOL outcomes	Oropharynx, oral cavity	Hospital, community	High
Martin‐Harris 2015 35	United States	Single‐arm prospective study	30	Respiratory‐swallow training	Dysphagia related QOL, spirometry	Oropharynx, oral cavity, nasopharynx, larynx/hypopharynx	Hospital	High
Montalvo 2020 36	Sweden	Single‐arm prospective study	15	Therabite	Trismus	HNC NOS	Hospital	High
Mozzati 2014 37	Italy	Non‐randomized experimental study	20	Plasma rich growth factors	Healing post‐extraction	Oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, ‘bone’	Hospital	High
Nativ‐Zelter 2021 38	United States	Single‐arm prospective study	10	Autologous muscle‐derived cell therapy	Safety, dysphagia (secondary)	Oropharynx	Hospital	High
Pauli 2016 39	Sweden	Cohort study	100	Therabite®	Trismus	Oropharynx, oral cavity, nasopharynx, HNC NOS	Hospital and community (control)	High
Sterba 2019 40	United States	Single arm prospective study	52	SNAP (Survivorship Needs Assessment Planning Tool)	Feasibility and short‐term change in psychosocial outcomes	Oropharynx, oral cavity, larynx, other	Hospital	High

Abbreviations: HNC, head and neck cancer; HRQOL, health‐related quality of life; NOS, not otherwise specified.