TABLE 7.

Effects of support utilization and self-control between parenting styles and SPA and IGD (n = 3,049).

	Total effect			Indirect effect (self-control)			Indirect effect (support utilization)			Sequential indirect effect (support utilization→self-control)			Direct effect
	β	P	95% CI	β	P	95% CI	β	P	95% CI	β	P	95% CI	β	P	95% CI
SPA
MC	–0.291	<0.001	[–0.406 –0.175]	–0.109	<0.001	[–0.164 –0.054]	–0.018	0.070	[–0.038 0.001]	–0.053	<0.001	[–0.070 –0.037]	–0.110	0.031	[–0.211 –0.010]
MEA	0.258	0.007	[0.072 0.443]	0.156	<0.001	[0.074 0.237]	0.006	0.240	[–0.004 0.016]	0.017	0.085	[–0.002 0.037]	0.079	0.334	[–0.081 0.238]
MO	0.476	<0.001	[0.279 0.673]	0.210	<0.001	[0.122 0.298.]	0.008	0.158	[–0.003 0.020]	0.024	0.021	[0.004 0.045]	0.233	0.006	[0.068 0.399]
FC	–0.171	0.001	[–0.275 –0.068]	–0.109	<0.001	[–0.158 –0.060]	–0.014	0.071	[–0.028 0.001]	–0.040	<0.001	[–0.054 –0.025]	–0.009	0.855	[–0.102. 0.085]
FEA	0.226	0.011	[0.052 0.399]	0.131	0.001	[0.054 0.208]	0.017	0.078	[–0.002 0.036]	0.050	<0.001	[0.029 0.071]	0.029	0.709	[–0.121 0.178]
FO	0.219	0.018	[0.038. 0.401]	–0.012	0.757	[–0.090 0.066]	–0.004	0.323	[–0.013 0.004]	–0.012	0.196	[–0.031 0.006]	0.248	0.002	[0.094 0.402]
IGD
MC	–0.061	<0.001	[–0.082 –0.040]	–0.010	<0.001	[–0.016 –0.005]	0.001	0.738	[–0.003 0.004]	–0.005	<0.001	[–0.007 –0.003]	–0.046	<0.001	[–0.067 –0.026]
MEA	–0.023	0.153	[–0.055 0.009]	0.015	<0.001	[0.007 0.023]	<0.001	0.773	[–0.002 0.001]	0.002	0.086	[–0.001 0.003]	–0.039	0.014	[–0.071 –0.008]
MO	0.030	0.082	[–0.004 0.064]	0.020	<0.001	[0.011 0.029]	<0.001	0.756	[–0.002 0.002]	0.002	0.023	[0.001 0.004]	0.008	0.616	[–0.025 0.042]
FC	–0.010	0.298	[–0.028 0.009]	–0.010	<0.001	[–0.015 –0.005]	0.001	0.741	[–0.002 0.003]	–0.004	<0.001	[–0.005 –0.002]	0.004	0.677	[–0.014 0.022]
FEA	–0.023	0.128	[–0.054 0.007]	0.012	0.002	[0.005 0.020]	–0.001	0.742	[–0.004 0.003]	0.005	<0.001	[0.003 0.007]	–0.040	0.009	[–0.070 –0.010]
FO	0.087	<0.001	[0.056 0.118]	–0.001	0.758	[–0.009 0.006]	<0.001	0.792	[–0.001 0.001]	–0.001	0.200	[–0.003 0.001]	0.089	<0.001	[0.058 0.120]

The effects were tested by using the bootstrap method with 5,000 resamples. MC, mother’s care; MEA, mother’s encouragement of autonomy; MO, mother’s overprotection; FC, father’s care; FEA, father’s encouragement of autonomy; FO, father’s overprotection.