Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author Year Country | Design (n = number) | Age (years ± SD) | Genders (n = number) | Intervention | Relevant Reported Outcomes | Findings | Improvements (%, f = females, m = males) | Dropout number, percent & reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del Vecchio et al. in press Australia |
RCT TKD: n = 15 CON: n = 10 |
TKD: 74.4 ± 5.0 CON: 72.5 +/− 3.0 |
Females (n = 12) and Males (n = 13) | TKD training 60mins, 2 times a week for 6 weeks | 2S, AC, BS, CS, FTNT, SLS, SR and TUG | TKD: no sig improveme nts in functional fitness parameters. | N/A | No dropouts |
| Kim et al. 2020 Korea |
CS TC: n = 23 TA: n = 23 |
TC 71.4 ± 3.3 TA 70.9 ± 4.3 |
Females (n = 46) | TC or TA training 60mins, 2 times a week for 12 weeks | CS, FR, SLS and TUG | TC sig improveme nt over TA for SLS. TC and TA: sig improveme nts CS, SLS and TUG. |
TC - CS: 44.4 TC - SLS: 83.2 TC - TUG: 10.9 TA - CS: 26.3 TA - SLS: 20.5 TA - TUG: 13.6 |
4 in total, 8%, Unstable medical conditions |
| Ciaccioni et al. 2019 Italy | RCT JU: n = 16 CON: n = 14 |
JU: Females 67.6 ± 3.7 Males 71.0 ± 3.5 CON: Females 70.1 ± 5.0, Males 70.2 ± 4.0 |
Females (n = 13) and Males (n = 17) | JU training 60mins, 2 times a week for 4-months | AC, BS, CS and SR | JU: sig improveme nts in AC, BS, CS and SR | AC: 34.6 (f), 27.5 (m) BS: 316.7(f) 79.2 (m) CS: 13.6 (f), 9.3 (m) SR: 70.6 (f) 68.3 (m) |
7 in total, 18.9%, 5 dropped out with no apparent reason; 1 increased physical activity levels; 1 due to health concerns |
| Cho & Roh 2019 Korea | CS TKD: n = 19 CON: n = 18 |
TKD: 68.9 ± 4.2 CON: 69.0 ± 4.4 |
Females (n = 37) | TKD training 60mins, 5 times a week for 16 weeks | 2S, AC, BS, CS, SR and TUG | TKD: sig improveme nts in 2S, CS and SR | 2S: 7.6 CS: 17.1 SR: 16.9 |
3 in total, 7.5%, Personal reasons |
| de Queiroz et al 2016 Brazil | CS BJJ: n = 31 CON: n = 31 |
BJJ: 70.7 ± 6.4 CON: 69.5 ± 6.1 |
Males (n = 62) | BJJ training 90mins, 2 times a week for 12 weeks | 6MWT, AC, BS, CS, SR and TUG | BJJ: sig improveme nts for 6MWT, AC, BS, CS, SR and TUG | 6MWT: 13.4 AC: 13.4 BS: 46 CS: 22.1 SR: 111.5 TUG: 13.6 |
No dropouts |
| Cromwell et al. 2007 USA | RCT TKD: n = 20 CON: n = 20 |
TKD: 72.7 ± 6.1 CON: 73.8 ± 7.0 |
Females (n = 30) and Males (n = 10) | TKD training 60mins, 2 times a week for 11 weeks | SLS, SR and TUG | TKD: sig improveme nts for SR and TUG | SR: 11.1 TUG: 9.5 |
No dropouts |
CT = Comparative study, RCT = Randomized control Trial, CON = Control, TC = Tai Chi, TA = Taekkyon, TKD = Taekwondo, BJJ = Brizilian Jiu-Jitsu, JU = Judo, 2S = two-minute step test (reps), 6MWT = six-minute walk test, AC = 30 second arm curl (reps), BS = Back scratch (cms), CS = 30 second sit to stand (reps), FR = functional reach test (cms), FTNT = finger to nose test (seconds), SLS = single leg stance (seconds), SR = Sit and Reach (cms), TUG = Timed up and go (seconds)