Table 5.

Relations of Adolescent Behaviors to Independent and Control Variables

	Cognitive Achievement 2007			Externalizing Behavior 2007			Internalizing Behavior 2007
	b	β	SE	b	β	SE	b	β	SE
Average income 1998 – 2001	0.19	0.02	0.37	−0.22	−0.06	0.18	−0.15	−0.05	0.12
Material hardship 2002	0.08	0.01	0.17	0.19**	0.09	0.07	0.14*	0.09	0.06
Parent distress 2002	−1.28	−0.04	0.93	3.09***	0.33	0.37	2.65***	0.36	0.29
Parent support 2002	8.50***	0.59	0.55	−0.76***	−0.16	0.20	−0.32*	−0.09	0.16
Control Variables
Single parent in home	0.42	0.02	0.71	0.59*	0.07	0.30	−0.08	−0.01	0.23
Number of siblings in home	−0.07	−0.01	0.25	−0.11	−0.03	0.11	−0.12	−0.05	0.08
Parent education: <HS	−0.68	−0.02	0.85	−0.38	−0.04	0.39	−0.29	−0.03	0.30
Parent education: college	−0.24	−0.01	0.76	0.31	0.03	0.33	−0.10	−0.01	0.26
Parent education: advanced	1.38	0.03	1.22	1.36*	0.08	0.62	0.58	0.04	0.48
Child’s ethnicity: Black	−3.96***	−0.15	0.74	−1.11***	−0.13	0.30	−1.34***	−0.21	0.25
Child’s ethnicity: Hispanic	−0.93	−0.02	1.26	−1.47***	−0.10	0.51	−0.58	−0.05	0.39
Child’s gender: female	0.09	0.00	0.54	0.07	0.01	0.24	0.11	0.02	0.19
Child’s agea				−0.05	−0.03	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.05
Parent cognitive achievement	0.23***	0.10	0.07	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.02
Constant	−7.45		4.69	7.50***		2.07	5.03		1.47

^aCognitive achievement scores are age-adjusted so age is not included in the analysis.

^***p < .001

^**p < .01

^*p < .05.