Table 3. Parameter estimates for the linear mixed effect (LME) models used to assess changes in spine densities and proportions.

A square-root transformation was applied to each model. Residual analysis showed no evidence against normality or constant variance assumption.

Spine density (all spines) − sqrt(#/area)
Random effects	Standard error
Mouse (intercept)	0.0618
Residual	0.1426
Fixed effects	Level	Estimate	Standard error
Intercept		1.4681	0.0426
Condition	EW (reference)	0	0
	W	–0.1140	0.0590
	S	–0.0757	0.0542
Spine density (spines with synapse) − sqrt(#/area)
Random effects	Standard error
Mouse (intercept)	0.0605
Residual	0.1349
Fixed effects	Level	Estimate	Standard error
Intercept		1.4241	0.0412
Condition	EW (reference)	0	0
	W	–0.0994	0.0569
	S	–0.1002	0.0522
Spine density (branched synapses) − sqrt(#/area)
Random effects	Standard error
Mouse (intercept)	0.0350
Residual	0.1760
Fixed effects	Level	Estimate	Standard error
Intercept		0.5920	0.0401
Condition	EW (reference)	0	0
	W	–0.0934	0.0547
	S	–0.2281	0.0503
Spine density (spines without synapse) − sqrt(#/area)
Random effects	Standard error
Mouse (intercept)	0.0387
Residual	0.1027
Fixed effects	Level	Estimate	Standard error
Intercept		0.3443	0.0286
Condition	EW (reference)	0	0
	W	–0.0791	0.0395
	S	0.0760	0.0363
Proportion of spines without synapse − sqrt(# without/# total)
Random effects	Standard error
Mouse (intercept)	0.0270
Residual	0.0642
Fixed effects	Level	Estimate	Standard error
Intercept		0.2331	0.0189
Condition	EW (reference)	0	0
	W	–0.0386	0.0240
	S	0.0674	0.0262
Proportion of synapses with spinula – sqrt(# with spinula/# total)
Random effects	Standard error
Mouse (intercept)	0.1285
Residual	0.0898
Fixed effects	Level	Estimate	Standard error
Intercept		0.4276	0.0669
Condition	EW (reference)	0	0
	W	–0.1730	0.0944
	S	0.0733	0.0862