Table 2.

Patient characteristics among adherence groups.

Patient characteristics	Persistent Nonadherence (n=37)	Inconsistent Adherence (n=17)	Persistent Adherence (n=23)	P-value
Age, years, median [IQR]	37[32–47]	38[31–50]	49[43–57]	0.007
Race, n (%)
White	10 (27%)	8 (47%)	15 (65%)	0.01
Black	26 (70%)	7 (41%)	8 (35%)
Other	1 (3%)	2 (12%)	0 (0%)
Female gender, n (%)	37 (100%)	16 (94%)	21 (91%)	0.1
≥ College education, n (%)	20 (54%)	12 (71%)	14 (61%)	0.6
Annual Income ≤$100,000, n (%)	35 (94%)	15 (88%)	15 (60%)	0.008
Married or cohabiting, n (%)	13 (36%)	8 (47%)	13 (57%)	0.3
Disability, n (%)	17 (46%)	6 (35%)	5 (22%)	0.2
Insurance, n (%)				0.3
Medicaid	9 (24%)	2 (12%)	1 (4%)
Medicare	12 (32%)	4 (24%)	7 (30%)
Private	15 (41%)	10 (59%)	14 (61%)
Other	1 (3%)	1 (6%)	1 (4%)
≥2 SLE medications, n (%)	34 (92%)	13 (76%)	10 (43%)	<0.001
SLICC damage score, median [IQR]	3 [1–4]	1 [0–2]	1 [0–2]	0.0004
SLEDAI, median [IQR]	2 [0–5]	2 [0–3]	0 [0–4]	0.2
PGA, median [IQR]	0.5 [0.1–0.8]	0 [0–0.5]	0 [0–0.5]	0.03
1+ ER visits or hospitalizations since prior visit, n (%)	3 (12.5%)	1 (8.3%)	6 (29%)	0.3

IQR: Interquartile range; SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; SLICC: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; PGA: Physician Global Assessment