Table 3.

Youth Lp(a) and LDL-cholesterol values predicting cardiovascular events occurring in mid-adulthood in the Young Finns Study.

Lipid status in youth*	Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval) †	p-value
Low Lp(a) and low LDL-cholesterol	reference
High Lp(a) or high LDL-cholesterol	2.45 (1.89–3.00)	0.001
Both high Lp(a) and high LDL-cholesterol	4.30 (3.30–5.30)	0.00004

^*Lp(a) level in 1986 when participants were aged 9 to 24 years. LDL-cholesterol status is an estimate of the cumulative exposure to LDL-cholesterol in childhood between ages 6 and 18 years. This is calculated for each individual based on the modelling of serial LDL-cholesterol measurements taken in study years 1980, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2001, 2007 and 2011.

^†compared to reference.

Average number of cardiovascular cases and non-cases in the imputed datasets:

Low Lp(a) and low LDL-cholesterol (N=19/1684)

High Lp(a) or high LDL-cholesterol (N=61/1581)

High Lp(a) and high LDL-cholesterol (N=15/219)

Cut-points used: Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL and LDL-c ≥ 130 mg/dL (3.36 mmol/L)

Models are additionally adjusted for age and sex.