Table 1:
Comparison of body fat, melatonin, energy intake, and the time to pass caloric midpoint (average time at which 50% of daily calories were consumed) relative to different outcome variables in individuals with a lean or overweight/obesity body composition.”
| Lean (n=55) | Overweight/obesity (n=32) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat | |||
| All (%, SEM) | 16.5 (0.8) | 32.0 (1.1) | p<0.0001 |
| Male (%, SEM) | 14.5 (0.6) | 25.2 (1.0) | p<0.0001 |
| Female (%, SEM) | 24.0 (1.2) | 33.8 (1.0) | p<0.001 |
| Melatonin | |||
| In-Laboratory DLMO (hh:mm, SEM) | 23:25 (00:13) | 22:59 (00:17) | p=0.23 |
| Model 1: Light and Activity pDLMO (hh:mm, SEM) | 22:55 (00:19) | 23:06 (00:17) | p=0.69 |
| Model 2: Activity pDLMO (hh:mm, SEM) | 22:55 (00:20) | 22:51 (00:17) | p=0.90 |
| Food Timing and Energy Intake | |||
| Caloric Midpoint Clock Time (hh:mm, SEM) | 16:08 (00:20) | 16:41 (00:23) | p=0.30 |
| Caloric Midpoint Relative to DLMO (h, SEM) | −7.4 (0.3) | −6.2 (0.3) | p<0.01 |
| Caloric Midpoint Relative to Light and Activity pDLMO (h, SEM) | −6.9 (0.3) | −6.3 (0.3) | p=0.23 |
| Caloric Midpoint Relative to Activity pDLMO (h, SEM | −6.9 (0.4) | −6.1 (0.4) | p=0.12 |
| Daily Energy Intake (kcal, SEM) | 1672.3 (68.4) | 1658.7 (84.0) | p=0.90 |
| Kaplan-Meier Survival Log-Rank tests | |||
| Clock time of caloric midpoint (HR, 95% CI) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | p=0.32 | |
| In-Laboratory DLMO (HR, 95% CI) | 2.4 (1.4 to 4.0) | p=0.001 | |
| Sleep Onset (HR, 95% CI) | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) | p=0.25 | |
| Sleep Offset (HR, 95% CI) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | p=0.22 | |
| Model 1: Light and Activity pDLMO (HR, 95% CI) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.9) | p=0.02 | |
| Model 2: Activity pDLMO (HR, 95% CI) | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.7) | p=0.045 | |
SEM, standard error of the mean; DLMO, dim-light melatonin onset; pDLMO, predicted dim-light melatonin onset; HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval