Table 3.
Association between long-term weight training and cause-specific mortality in participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1992–2018)
| Weight training, min/week | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1–59 | 60–149 | ≥150 | Trend | Quadratic | |
| CVD mortality | ||||||
| N of deaths | 2,448 | 876 | 180 | 64 | ||
| Person-years | 406,723 | 200,376 | 59,108 | 20,961 | ||
| Age-adjusted model | 1 (ref) | 0.74 (0.68–0.80) | 0.67 (0.57–0.78) | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| MV1 | 1 (ref) | 0.81 (0.74–0.88) | 0.76 (0.65–0.90) | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) | 0.12 | 0.02 |
| MV2 | 1 (ref) | 0.84 (0.77–0.91) | 0.81 (0.69–0.95) | 1.14 (0.88–1.48) | 0.48 | 0.10 |
| Cancer mortality | ||||||
| N of deaths | 2,315 | 919 | 251 | 69 | ||
| Person-years | 406,944 | 200,360 | 59,060 | 20,976 | ||
| Age-adjusted model | 1 (ref) | 0.82 (0.75–0.89) | 0.91 (0.80–1.04) | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) | 0.11 | 0.02 |
| MV1 | 1 (ref) | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 0.91 | 0.23 |
| MV2 | 1 (ref) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 1.10 (0.96–1.27) | 1.08 (0.84–1.38) | 0.23 | 0.73 |
| Respiratory disease mortality | ||||||
| N of deaths | 660 | 245 | 48 | 10 | ||
| Person-years | 408,647 | 201,157 | 59,280 | 21,031 | ||
| Age-adjusted model | 1 (ref) | 0.71 (0.61–0.83) | 0.63 (0.47–0.85) | 0.57 (0.30–1.07) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| MV1 | 1 (ref) | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | 0.70 (0.52–0.96) | 0.65 (0.34–1.22) | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| MV2 | 1 (ref) | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) | 0.82 (0.60–1.12) | 0.76 (0.40–1.44) | 0.20 | 0.12 |
| Other causes of death | ||||||
| N of deaths | 2,921 | 1,226 | 296 | 79 | ||
| Person-years | 406,053 | 199,914 | 58,982 | 20,959 | ||
| Age-adjusted model | 1 (ref) | 0.73 (0.68–0.79) | 0.76 (0.67–0.86) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) | 0.006 | <0.001 |
| MV1 | 1 (ref) | 0.79 (0.74–0.85) | 0.84 (0.74–0.95) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 0.32 | <0.001 |
| MV2 | 1 (ref) | 0.82 (0.76–0.88) | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 0.90 | <0.001 |
Age-adjusted model: adjusted for age (month) and calendar year. Multivariable model 1 (MV1): age-adjusted model plus race (White or non-White), smoking status (never, past, or current [1–14, 15–24, and ≥25 cigarettes per day]), family history of myocardial infarction (yes or no), family history of cancer (yes or no), baseline hypertension (yes or no), alcohol consumption (none, 0.1–4.9, 5–14.9. 15–29.9, or ≥30 g/day), AHEI score 2010 (quintile), total calorie intake (quintile), time spent sitting to watch television (quintile), and BMI (quintile). MV2: MV1 plus aerobic activity (none, 1–59, 60–149, or ≥150 min/week). We applied a 2-year lag time between weight training assessment and the time at risk of death for all models.