TABLE 1.

Characteristics of Ti-EVs.

Sources	Whole tissues (diverse tumor tissues, brain, heart, e.g.) Crescitelli et al. (2020); Gallart-Palau et al. (2016); Muraoka et al. (2020c); Ge et al. (2019)
	Tissue explants (ex vivo tumors, e.g.) Mincheva-Nilsson et al. (2016); Lunavat et al. (2017)
	Other tissues (such as adipose and plaque, e.g.) Packer (2018); Zhang et al. (2017)
Advantages	Carry more abundant biological information
	Reflect the alteration of tissue microenvironment more accurately Asai et al. (2015); Jang et al. (2019)
	Contain more original information than cell lines and body fluids
	More traceable Jang et al. (2019); Park et al. (2016)
Application	Reliable biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis Himbert et al. (2020); Huang et al. (2017); Liang et al. (2021)
	Promising regulator of neurodegenerative disorder Guo et al. (2016); Arai et al. (2006)
	Potential treatment for cardiac diseases Hausenloy and Yellon (2013)