TABLE 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| References | Country | Number of patients, age (years), female | Prevalence of patients with high and low risk of advanced liver fibrosis NIT and cutoff |
| Lee et al. (27) | Malaysia | MTX group: 61 patients, age 52.98 ± 15.5, female 29 (47.5%) | • Low risk: LSM < 6.5 kPa = 39 (63.9%), FIB-4 < 1.45 = 48 (78.7%), APRI < 0.7 = 54 (88.5%) • High risk: LSM > 11.5 kPa = 7 (11.5%), FIB-4 > 3.25 = 2 (3.3%), APRI > 1.0 = 5 (8.2%) |
| MTX-naïve group: 56 patients, age 52.2 ± 15.1, female 24 (42.9%) | • Low risk: LSM < 6.5 kPa = 45 (80.4%), FIB-4 < 1.45 = 46 (82.1%), APRI < 0.7 = 49 (87.5%) • High risk: LSM > 11.5 kPa = 4 (7.1%), FIB-4 > 3.25 = 2 (3.6%), APRI > 1.0 = 6 (10.7%) |
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| Mahajan et al. (30) | India | 61 patients, age 47.5 ± 13.8, female 18 (29.5%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7.6 kPa = 61 (100%) |
| Takamura et al. (28) | Japan | 65 patients, age 46 (range 40–54.5), female 16 (24.6%) | • Low risk: NFS < −1.455 = 75.4%, FIB-4 < 1.3 = 76.9% |
| Rattanakaemakorn et al. (31) | Thailand | 132 patients, age 52, female 68 (51.5%) | • Low risk: LSM < 8 kPa = 123 (93.2%) • High risk: LSM ≥ 10 kPa = 7 (5.3%) |
| Belinchoìn-Romero et al. (32) | Spain | 91 patients (87 with valid TE), age 53 (IQR 45.5–61.5), female 32 (35.2%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7.8 kPa = 72 (82.8%) |
| Brunner et al. (33) | Hungary | 52 patients, age 54.0 ± 13.4, female 26 (50%) | • Low risk: LSM < 8.2 kPa = 72 (82.8%) • High risk: LSM > 9.7 kPa = 14 (26.9%) |
| Cervoni et al. (34) | France | 66 patients (49 TE, 63 Forns index, 65 APRI, 65 FIB-4, 64 FPI, 64 Hepascore, 64 NFS, 64 Fibrometer, 61 FibroTest), age 54 ± 2, female 39% | • Low risk: LSM < 7.1 kPa = 90.5%, FibroTest < 0.49 = 88.6%, Hepascore < 0.5 = 92.2%, Forns Index < 6.9 = 90.5%, FPI < 0.8 = 87.5%, FibroMeter < 0.49 = 78.1% • High risk: FIB-4 > 3.25 = 4.6%, NFS > 0.676 = 6.3%, APRI > 1.5 = 3.1% |
| Yim et al. (19) | Spain | 39 patients, age 49.8, female 24 (61.5%) | • Low risk: FIB-4 < 1.45 = 26 (66.7%) • High risk: FIB-4 > 3.25 = 1 (2.6%) |
| Rivera et al. (35) | Spain | 457 patients (280 NFS, 392 FIB-4), age 53.3 ± 14.0, female 199 (43.5%) | • Low risk: FIB-4 < 1.3 = 73.8%, NFS < −1.455 = 62.8% |
| Koch, (36) | New Zealand | 66 patients, age 51.2 ± 14.0, female 34 (51.5%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7.1 kPa = 37 (56.1%) • High risk: LSM > 9 kPa = 23 (34.8%) • PIIINP > 4.2 μg/L = 29 (43.9%) |
| Mahajan et al. (29) | India | 134 patients, age 44.13 ± 13.86, female 40 (30.3%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7 kPa = 101 (75.4%) • High risk: LSM ≥ 9 kPa = 16 (6.7%) |
| Magdaleno-Tapial et al. (37) | Spain | 71 patients, age 46.7 ± 14 years, female 24 (33.8%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7.7 kPa = 61 (85.9%) • High risk: LSM ≥ 9.5 kPa = 6 (8.5%) |
| Kumar and Ganapathi, (38) | India | 102 patients, age 42.12, females 61 (59.8%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7.5 kPa = 83 (81.3%) • High risk: LSM ≥ 10 kPa = 8 (7.8%) |
| Neema, (39) | India | 82 patients, age 47.04 ± 12.45, female 20 (24.4%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7 kPa = 59 (72.0%) |
| Ortolan et al. (40) | Italy | PsA group: 43 patients, age 60.2 ± 8.4, female 11 (25.6%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7 kPa = 69% |
| without PsA group: 33 patients, age 54.5 ± 19.6, female 12 (36.4%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7 kPa = 72% | ||
| Ben Lagha et al. (41) | Tunisia | 88 patients, age 45.6 ± 14.3, female 48 (42.9%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7 kPa = 71 (80.7%) • High risk: LSM > 9.5 kPa = 5 (5.7%) |
| Maybury et al. (42) | United Kingdom | 400 patients (333 TE), age 49.5 ± 13, female 108 (27.2%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7 kPa = 265 (79.6%) • High risk: LSM 8.7 kPa = 47 (14.1%) |
| Van den Reek et al. (55)* | Netherlands | Elevated PIIINP: 41 patients, age 55.9 ± 16.5, female 20 (48.8%) | • Elevated PIIINP = 41 (22.4%) |
| No elevated PIIINP: 142 patients, age 55.9 ± 16.5, female 20 (48.8%) | |||
| Van der Voort et al. (54) | Netherlands | PsA group: 151 patients, age 52.8 ± 11.7 years, female 70 (46.3%) | • High risk: ELF > 9.8 = 20 (13.2%) • PIIINP > 12.2 μg/L = 7 (6%) ⋅ PIIINP > 15.3 μg/L = 6 (5.2%) |
| Without PsA group: 119 patients, age 49.8 ± 14.3, female 45 (37.8%) | • High risk: ELF > 9.8 = 25 (21%) • PIIINP > 12.2 μg/L = 9 (6%) • PIIINP > 15.3 μg/L = 2 (1.3%) |
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| Bauer et al. (43) | United States | 107 patients (69 FibroSure), age 83.3 ± 13.5, female 57 (53.2%) | • Low risk: FibroSure < 0.21 = 50 (71.5%) |
| Talme et al. (44) | Sweden | Biologic group: 32 patients, age 48 (range 18–76), female 6 (18.8%) | • Low risk: LSM < 6.5 kPa = 20 (62.5%) • High risk: LSM > 11.5 kPa = 1 (3.1%) |
| MTX duration > 24 months group: 122 patients, age 60 (range 22–82), female 52 (41.9%) | • Low risk: LSM < 6.5 kPa = 76 (62.3%) • High risk: LSM > 11.5 kPa = 11 (9%) |
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| MTX duration ≤ 24 months group: 47 patients, age 50 (range 20–76), female 17 (34.7%) | • Low risk: LSM < 6.5 kPa = 32 (68.1%) • High risk: LSM > 11.5 kPa = 3 (6.4%) |
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| Rongngern et al. (45) | Thailand | 41 patients, age 51.2 ± 11.6, female 17 (41.5%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7.1 kPa = 31 (75.6%) • High risk: LSM ≥ 10 kPa = 3 (7.3%) |
| Pongpit et al. (46) | Thailand | 165 patients, age 49.2 ± 14, female 90 (54.5%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7 kPa = 147 (89.1%) • High risk: LSM > 9.5 kPa = 11 (6.7%) |
| Gisondi et al. (47) | Italy | 124 patients (55 NFS), age 55 ± 12, female 55 (44%) | • Low risk: NFS < −1.455 = 30 (54.5%) • High risk: NFS > 0.676 = 4 (7.3%) |
| Van der Voort et al. (53) | Netherlands | 74 patients, age 71.2 ± 6.5 years, female 33 (44.6%) | • High risk: LSM > 9.5 kPa = 6 (8.1%) |
| Martyn-Simmons et al. (65)* | United Kingdom | 27 patients, age 56 ± 2.7 years, female 9 (33%) | NR |
| Lynch et al. (48) | Ireland | 77 patients (50 TE, 70 FibroTest, 51 PIIINP), age 51 (range 22–85), female 36 (46.8%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7 kPa = 41 (82%), FibroTest < 0.31 = 59 (84.3%) • Serial PIIINP (1 year before TE) > 4.2 μg/L = 9/51 (17.6%) • Serial PIIINP (1 year before FibroTest) > 4.2 μg/L = 3/34 (8.8%) |
| Bray et al. (49) | United Kingdom | 21 patients (10 TE), age 59 (range 41–83), female 9 (42.9%) | • Low risk: LSM < 8 kPa = 6 (60%) • High risk: LSM ≥ 10 kPa = 3 (30%) |
| Madanagobalane and Anandan, (50) | India | 58 patients, age 46.9 ± 1.15, female 12 (20.7%) | • Low risk: FibroTest stage < F2–F3 = 94.9% |
| Seitz et al. (51) | Switzerland | TNF-naïve group: 20 patients, age 51.9 ± 14.1, female 6 (30.0%) | • Low risk: LSM < 8 kPa = 14 (70%) |
| TNF group: 23 patients, age 51.3 ± 10.9, female 7 (30.4%) | • Low risk: LSM < 8 kPa = 22 (95.7%) | ||
| Laharie et al. (52) | France | 111 patients, age 56.2 ± 12.2, female 30 (27%) | • Low risk: LSM < 7.9 kPa = 99 (89.2%) |
| Lindsay and Gough, (56)* | United Kingdom | 48 patients, age 54.4 ± 11, female NR | • Elevated PIIINP = 16 (33.3%) |
| Berends et al. (66)* | Netherlands | 24 patients, age 55 (range 34–73), female 13 (54.2%) | NR |
| Khan et al. (64)* | United Kingdom | 15 patients, age 56.4 ± 12.8, female 7 (46.7%) | NR |
| Zachariae et al. (57)* | Denmark | 70 patients, age NR, female 31 (44.3%) | • PIIINP > 4.2 μg/L = 6 (8.6%) |
| Zachariae et al. (59)* | Denmark | 11 patients, age NR, female NR | • PIIINP > 4.2 μg/L = 0 |
| Boffa et al. (60)* | United Kingdom | 87 patients, age NR, female NR | • PIIINP > 4.2 μg/L = 41 (47.1%) |
| Oogarah et al. (63)* | United Kingdom | 22 patients, age 42.6 (22–72), female 8 (36.4%) | • Elevated PIIINP (first assay) = 6/11 (54.5%) • Elevated PIIINP (second assay) = 4/22 (18.2%) |
| Zachariae et al. (58)* | Denmark | 170 patients, age NR, female NR | • PIIINP > 4.3 μg/L = 24 (21.8%) |
| Mitchell et al. (61)* | United Kingdom | 51 patients, age 47 (range 22–69), female NR | • PIIINP > 11.8 μg/L = 35 (68.6%) |
| Risteli et al. (62)* | Denmark | 24 patients, age 50 (range 32–75), female 10 (41.7) | • PIIINP > 4.2 μg/L = 8 (33.3%) |
APRI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; ELF, enhanced liver fibrosis; FIB-4, fibrosis-4 index; FPI, fibrosis probability index; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; MTX, methotrexate; NFS, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; NR, not reported; PsA, psoriasis arthritis; PIIINP, procollagen III amino-terminal peptide; TE, transient elastography; TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers; UK, United Kingdom; USA, United States. *These studies are not included in the quantitative analysis.