Figure 1.

Macrophage polarization and wound healing. Macrophages are stimulated by the external environment and activate M1 or M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages secrete inflammatory factors, such as interleukin IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-6, which promote inflammation occurrence and development and delay tissue repair. M2 macrophages inhibit the occurrence and development of inflammation and promote tissue repair by synthesizing and secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, arginase 1 (Arg-1), etc. IFN-γ interferon gamma, TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta, IL interleukin, AGEs advanced glycation end-products, LPS lipopolysaccharide, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase, EGF epidermal growth factor, Arg-1 arginase-1