Table 1.
Classification of histone families in Arabidopsis: genes, variants, proteins, chaperones, general function and role in stress.
| Histone type | Histone | Gene | Chaperone | General Function | Role in Stress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | H1.1 | Variant | At1g06760, H1.1 | NAP1, NRP1 | Chromatin compaction (Bourguet et al., 2021) | |
| H1.2 | Variant | At2g30620, H1.2 | ||||
| H1.3 | Variant | At2g18050, H1.3 | Drought stress, light and water deficency (Rutowicz et al., 2019) | |||
| H2A | H2A.1 | Canonical | At5g54640, HTA1 | NAP1, NRP1, FACT | ||
| H2A.2 | Canonical | At4g27230, HTA2 | ||||
| H2A.10 | Canonical | At1g51060, HTA10 | ||||
| H2A.13 | Canonical | At3g20670, HTA13 | ||||
| Variant | At1g54690, HTA3 | FACT | Transcriptional activation (Xiao et al., 2021) | DNA damage response (Lorković and Berger, 2017) | ||
| Variant | At1g08880, HTA5 | |||||
| H2A.W | Variant |
At5g59870, HTA6
At5g27670, HTA7 At5g02560, HTA12 |
DDM1 | Chromatin compaction (Bourguet et al., 2021) | DNA replication stress signalling in heterochromatin (Lorković and Berger, 2017) | |
| Variant | ||||||
| Variant | ||||||
| H2A.Z | Variant | At4g13570, HTA4 | SWR1 | Transcriptional regulation (Jarillo and Piñeiro, 2015) (Gómez-Zambrano et al., 2019) |
Salt stress, drought, immunity responses, cold, heat, phosphate deficiency. Regulates the expression of hypervariable genes (Coleman-Derr and Zilberman, 2012) (Sura et al., 2017) |
|
| Variant | At2g38810, HTA8 | |||||
| Variant | At1g52740, HTA9 | |||||
| Variant | At3g54560, HTA11 | |||||
| H2B | H2B.1 | Variant | At1g07790, HTB1 | NAP1, NRP1, FACT | Transcriptional regulation, replacement variant (Jiang et al., 2020a) | |
| H2B.2 | Variant | At5g22880, HTB2 | ||||
| H2B.3 | Variant | At2g28720, HTB3 | ||||
| H2B.4 | Variant | At5g59910, HTB4 | ||||
| H2B.5 | Variant | At2g37470, HTB5 | ||||
| H2B.6 | Variant | At3g53650, HTB6 | ||||
| H2B.7 | Variant | At3g09480, HTB7 | Development of reproductive tissues (Jiang et al., 2020a) | |||
| H2B.8/H2B.S | Variant | At1g08170, HTB8 | Regulation of seed formation (Jiang et al., 2020a) | |||
| H2B.9 | Variant | At3g45980, HTB9 | ||||
| H2B.10 | Variant | At5g02570, HTB10 | Development of reproductive tissues (Jiang et al., 2020a) | |||
| H2B.11 | Variant | At3g46030, HTB11 | ||||
| H3 | H3.1 | Canonical | At5g65360, HTR1 | CAF1 | Transcriptional repression (Stroud et al., 2012; Wollmann et al., 2012) | |
| At1g09200, HTR2 | ||||||
| At3g27360, HTR3 | ||||||
| At5g10400, HTR9 | ||||||
| At5g10390, HTR13 | ||||||
| H3.3 | Variant |
At4g40030, HTR4
At4g40040, HTR5 At5g10980, HTR8 |
HIRA, ATRX | Transcriptional repression (Stroud et al., 2012) (Wollmann et al., 2012) | Regulate hypervariable genes (Wollmann et al., 2012) | |
| H3.6 | Variant | At1g13370, HTR6 | HIRA? | Induced upon stress (Nunez-Vazquez et al., in preparation) | ||
| H3.7 | Variant | At1g75610, HTR7 | ||||
| H3.10 | Variant | At1g19890, HTR10 | HIRA? | |||
| H3.11 | Variant | At5g65350, HTR11 | ||||
| CenH3 | Variant | At1g01370, HTR12 | HJURP | |||
| H3.14 | Variant | At1g75600, HTR14 | HIRA? | Induced upon stress (Nunez-Vazquez et al., in preparation) | ||
| H3.15 | Variant | At5g12910, HTR15 | HIRA | Callus formation (Yan et al., 2020) | Rapidly induced upon wounding (Yan et al., 2020) | |
| H4 | H4 | Canonical | At3G46320 | CAF1, HIRA, ASF1 | Mainteinance of genome integrity | |
| At5G59690 | ||||||
| At2G28740 | ||||||
| At1G07820 | ||||||
| At3G53730 | ||||||
| At5G59970 | ||||||
| At3G45930 | ||||||
| At1G07660 |