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. 2022 Dec 29;5(1):dlac130. doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac130

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Factors contributing to HAIs are interconnected. COVID-19 sickened staff and caused burnout, reducing the number available to care for ill patients. Increased critically ill patients altered nurse-to-patient ratios, stretching personnel thinly. Critically ill patients required COVID-19-directed therapeutics that predisposed patients to infections. PPE was meant to protect staff and reduce infections but scarcity led to suboptimal utilization and disease transmission.