TABLE 1.
Participant demographics by racial group.
| Black (n = 73) | White (n = 178) | Significant | |
| Sex (female) | 26 (47) | 70 (107) | |
| Age | 36.62 (11.46) | 43.08 (16.4) | * |
| Education years | 16.7 (2.26) | 15.56 (2.37) | * |
| Education quality | 0.85 (0.4) | 1.09 (0.68) | * |
| Financial strain | 2.10 (0.78) | 2.14 (0.90) | |
| Sleep quality | 5.63 (3.71) | 7.01 (3.89) | * |
| Sleep quality >5 | 54.3% | 69.7% | * |
| Sleep duration (hours) | 6.83 (1.44) | 6.98 (6.09) | |
| Sleep habits | 18.92 (8.73) | 18.41 (7.67) | |
| Positive social interaction | 3.83 (1.04) | 3.85 (1.07) | |
| Emotional social support | 3.88 (0.96) | 3.79 (1) | |
| Private religiosity | 3.33 (1.76) | 2.4 (1.79) | * |
| Internal religiosity | 10.95 (3.91) | 7.7 (4.38) | * |
| Events of discrimination | 5.53 (2.24) | 2.61 (1.16) | * |
| Frequency of discrimination | 14.51 (8.18) | 4.87 (4.21) | * |
| Anxiety | 2.9 (3.52) | 3.01 (3.64) | |
| Depression | 3.34 (4.76) | 5.37 (5.58) | * |
| General stress | 4.47 (4.52) | 5.09 (4.59) | |
| COVID stress | 4.05 (2.83) | 3.42 (2.55) |
One participant did not identify as male or female. Mean (SD); Significant = racial group difference; *p < 0.05. Sleep quality refers to the global score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sleep habits are the total score for the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Sleep quality >5 indicates global PSQI scores greater than 5. We performed a chi-square test to assess racial differences in sleep quality scores >5 and those less than 5.