Table 1.

Four normal methods for assessment of IR in clinical.

Name	Method	advantage	Disadvantage
HOMA-IR	(Plasma insulin during fasting × plasma glucose during fasting)/22.5	Simple, minimally invasive, predicts fasting steady-state glucose and insulin levels	limitations because of significant heterogeneity of cut-off value and IR definitions; HOMA-IR may not be appropriate in patients with severely impaired or absent β-cell function
OGTT	After the overnight fast, fasting blood glucose levels were measured and then remeasured at the time point after drinking 75 g of glucose solution.	Simple, minimally invasive	Relatively crude measurement of glucose tolerance without measuring insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion components
C-peptide release test	After the overnight fast, fasting blood C-peptide levels were measured and then remeasured at the time point after drinking 75 g of glucose solution.	Simple, minimally invasive; Long half-life; It is not interfered with by insulin antibodies and can more accurately reflect the patient’s β-cell function.	Relatively crude; Needs to be analyzed in conjunction with blood glucose and insulin
TyG index	Fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2	Simple, minimally invasive; Suitable for clinical and epidemiological studies	limitations because of significant heterogeneity of cut-off value and IR definitions

HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment of IR; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance tests; TyG index, triglyceride glucose index. IR, insulin resistance.