Table 4.
Associations between resistant alleles and mosquito survival in An. gambiae (s.s.) mosquitoes following exposure to pyrethroid insecticides with and without piperonyl butoxide in sites with no IRS.
| Resistant alleles | Resistant allele frequency n/N (%) | Wild type alleles-survived n/N (%) | Resistant alleles-survived n/N (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Resistant allele frequency n/N (%) | Wild type alleles-survived n/N (%) | Resistant alleles-survived n/N (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Permethrin | Permethrin + PBO | |||||||||
| Vgsc-L995 S/F | 214/218 (98.2) | 4/4 (100) | 180/214 (84.1) | 0.62 (0.17–2.26) | 0.46 | 94/106 (88.7) | 2/12 (16.7) | 44/94 (46.8) | 1.17 (0.23–5.94) | 0.85 |
| Cyp6P4 (triple mutant) | 204/226 (90.3) | 19/22 (86.4) | 173/204 (84.8) | 0.93 (0.23–3.67) | 0.91 | 87/106 (82.1) | 6/19 (31.6) | 40/87 (46.0) | 1.22 (0.27–5.58) | 0.80 |
| Cyp4j5 | 113/216 (52.3) | 83/103 (80.6) | 99/113 (87.6) | 1.85 (0.80–4.29) | 0.15 | 60/106 (56.6) | 22/46 (47.8) | 24/60 (40.0) | 0.84 (0.33–2.16) | 0.72 |
| Coeae1d | 107/218 (49.1) | 90/111 (81.1) | 94/107 (87.9) | 1.97 (0.82–4.77) | 0.13 | 51/106 (48.1) | 25/55 (45.5) | 21/51 (41.2) | 0.85 (0.32–2.25) | 0.74 |
| Deltamethrin | Deltamethrin + PBO | |||||||||
| Vgsc-L995 S/F | 271/278 (97.5) | 2/7 (28.6) | 206/271 (76.0) | 3.44 (1.02–11.6) | 0.046 | 102/125 (81.6) | 14/23 (60.9) | 42/102 (41.2) | 1.41 (0.40–4.97) | 0.59 |
| Cyp6P4 (triple mutant) | 248/278 (89.2) | 20/30 (66.7) | 188/248 (75.8) | 0.82 (0.31–2.21) | 0.70 | 95/126 (75.4) | 15/31 (48.4) | 41/95 (43.2) | 0.94 (0.32–2.80) | 0.91 |
| Cyp4j5 | 147/278 (52.9) | 102/131 (77.9) | 106/147 (72.1) | 0.82 (0.46–1.47) | 0.51 | 75/134 (56.0) | 15/59 (25.4) | 41/75 (54.7) | 2.27 (1.08–4.80) | 0.03 |
| Coeae1d | 141/278 (50.7) | 103/137 (75.2) | 105/141 (74.5) | 0.98 (0.50–1.89) | 0.94 | 63/124 (50.8) | 30/61 (49.2) | 26/63 (41.3) | 0.65 (0.27–1.55) | 0.33 |