Table 5.
Associations between resistant alleles and mosquito survival in An. gambiae (s.s.) mosquitoes following exposure to pyrethroid insecticides with and without piperonyl butoxide in sites where IRS was stopped.
| Resistant alleles | Resistant allele frequency n/N (%) | Wild type alleles-survived n/N (%) | Resistant alleles-survived n/N (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Resistant allele frequency n/N (%) | Wild type alleles-survived n/N (%) | Resistant alleles-survived n/N (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Permethrin | Permethrin + PBO | |||||||||
| Vgsc-L995 S/F | 424/432 (98.2) | 6/8 (75) | 370/424 (87.2) | 1.40 (0.85–2.30) | 0.18 | 199/202 (98.5) | 0/3 (0) | 100/199 (50.3) | 1.25 (0.77–2.03) | 0.37 |
| Cyp6P4 (triple mutant) | 400/440 (90.9) | 25/40 (62.5) | 351/400 (87.8) | 1.87 (0.86–4.09) | 0.12 | 175/198 (88.4) | 6/23 (26.1) | 92/175 (52.6) | 3.19 (1.16–8.80) | 0.025 |
| Cyp4j5 | 214/430 (49.8) | 189/216 (87.5) | 185/214 (86.4) | 0.75 (0.22–2.57) | 0.64 | 95/200 (47.5) | 49/105 (46.7) | 51/95 (53.7) | 1.35 (0.80–2.28) | 0.27 |
| Coeae1d | 254/432 (58.8) | 157/178 (88.2) | 219/254 (86.2) | 0.78 (0.42–1.48) | 0.45 | 119/202 (58.9) | 45/83 (54.2) | 55/119 (46.2) | 0.70 (0.37–1.32) | 0.27 |
| Deltamethrin | Deltamethrin + PBO | |||||||||
| Vgsc-L995 S/F | 270/306 (88.2) | 6/36 (16.7) | 190/270 (70.4) | 1.64 (0.99–2.71) | 0.056 | 72/72 (100) | 0/0 (0) | 36/72 (50) | 1.60 (0.67–3.83) | 0.30 |
| Cyp6P4 (triple mutant) | 256/306 (83.7) | 13/50 (26.0) | 183/256 (71.5) | 2.27 (1.02–5.05) | 0.045 | 67/70 (95.7) | 0/3 (0) | 36/67 (53.7) | – | – |
| Cyp4j5 | 204/306 (66.7) | 71/102 (69.6) | 125/204 (61.3) | 1.0 (0.52–1.91) | 0.99 | 7/70 (10.0) | 30/63 (47.6) | 4/7 (57.1) | 1.19 (0.21–6.74) | 0.85 |
| Coeae1d | 164/306 (53.6) | 84/142 (59.2) | 112/164 (68.3) | 1.55 (0.83–2.88) | 0.17 | 42/72 (58.3) | 14/30 (46.7) | 22/42 (52.4) | 2.07 (0.64–6.66) | 0.22 |