Table 5.

Regression results for adult psychological distress, by subgroup.

Sample	Latinx	Latinx	Latinx	Latinx	non-Latinx
	foreign-born	foreign-born	native-born
	"undocumented"	documented	citizen
		immigrant
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	Panel A: baseline regressions
Observed in sanctuary city (β2)	0.014	0.161	−0.005	0.101	0.181**
	[0.187]	[0.112]	[0.097]	[0.068]	[0.035]
Observed after enactment (β1)	−0.563*	−0.522**	0.563**	0.114	0.380**
	[0.227]	[0.128]	[0.102]	[0.076]	[0.037]
Observed in sanctuary city post-enactment (δ)	0.507	0.163	0.180	0.097	−0.083
	[0.318]	[0.191]	[0.162]	[0.116]	[0.055]
time-propensity distress	−0.019	0.009	0.365+	0.260+	0.499**
	[0.431]	[0.261]	[0.202]	[0.151]	[0.069]
Observations	4356	12,735	15,900	32,991	108,826
	Panel B: control for city-level covariates of sanctuary
Observed in sanctuary city (β2)	0.139	0.318	0.082	0.109	0.084
	[0.593]	[0.332]	[0.259]	[0.189]	[0.082]
Observed after enactment (β1)	−0.445	−0.540**	0.705**	0.234*	0.415**
	[0.278]	[0.160]	[0.121]	[0.092]	[0.045]
Observed in sanctuary city post-enactment (δ)	0.389	0.042	0.069	−0.061	−0.067
	[0.364]	[0.221]	[0.182]	[0.131]	[0.064]
time-propensity distress	0.040	0.237	0.230	0.232	0.447**
	[0.498]	[0.308]	[0.232]	[0.174]	[0.083]
Observations	3442	9395	12,224	25,061	78,563

Notes: Robust standard errors in brackets. Controls include adult gender, age, age squared and the education level of the respondent. Regressions also include time propensity distress values and county fixed effects. The first subsample includes but is not restricted to undocumented immigrant Latinxs. The second subsample is composed of foreign-born Latinxs who are naturalized citizens or legal, permanent residents.

**p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, + p < 0.1.