Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Oxidative balance scores | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |||||||||
| Variables | Q1 (n = 717) | Q2 (n = 655) | Q3 (n = 607) | Q4 (n = 407) | p* | Q1 (n = 638) | Q2 (n = 742) | Q3 (n = 783) | Q4 (n = 632) | p* |
| Age, years | 49.7 ± 8.1 | 50.9 ± 8.6 | 50.6 ± 8.6 | 50.1 ± 8.7 | 0.327 | 51.8 ± 8.7 | 50.3 ± 8.6 | 50.3 ± 8.3 | 48.3 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 115.6 ± 10.2 | 115.2 ± 10.0 | 114.6 ± 10.5 | 114.5 ± 10.3 | 0.032 | 114.1 ± 11.2 | 113.2 ± 11.4 | 113.1 ± 11.5 | 111.6 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.1 ± 6.8 | 77.7 ± 6.3 | 76.9 ± 6.8 | 76.6 ± 7.5 | <0.001 | 75.8 ± 7.4 | 74.7 ± 7.4 | 74.8 ± 7.5 | 73.7 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 89.9 ± 22.7 | 88.6 ± 21.3 | 89.1 ± 23.1 | 85.3 ± 15.4 | 0.003 | 83.7 ± 15.5 | 83.5 ± 19.3 | 82.5 ± 14.2 | 82.0 ± 16.5 | 0.030 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 193.3 ± 34.4 | 191.5 ± 34.9 | 189.0 ± 34.7 | 185.2 ± 33.0 | <0.001 | 193.1 ± 36.1 | 188.5 ± 34.2 | 185.6 ± 32.6 | 181.4 ± 30.3 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 163.0 (117.0;232.0) | 136.0 (103.5;187.5) | 129.0 (95.0;180.5) | 117.0 (92.0;164.5) | <0.001 | 129.0 (98.0;177.0) | 119.0 (88.0;161.0) | 113.0 (88.0;156.0) | 105.0 (82.0;141.5) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 41.9 ± 9.1 | 43.7 ± 9.9 | 43.9 ± 10.0 | 44.6 ± 10.7 | <0.001 | 44.7 ± 9.4 | 45.9 ± 10.0 | 46.4 ± 9.6 | 47.5 ± 10.0 | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.033 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.107 |
| Menopausal status | 318 (49.8%) | 313 (42.2%) | 352 (45.0%) | 209 (33.1%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Education level, n (%) | 0.524 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Elementary/middle school | 265 (37.0%) | 267 (40.9%) | 216 (35.8%) | 155 (38.3%) | 429 (67.8%) | 462 (62.8%) | 453 (58.1%) | 334 (53.0%) | ||
| High school | 274 (38.2%) | 238 (36.4%) | 249 (41.2%) | 154 (38.0%) | 167 (26.4%) | 225 (30.6%) | 263 (33.7%) | 221 (35.1%) | ||
| College/university | 178 (24.8%) | 148 (22.7%) | 139 (23.0%) | 96 (23.7%) | 37 (5.8%) | 49 (6.7%) | 64 (8.2%) | 75 (11.9%) | ||
| Household income, n (%) | 0.050 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| <100 million Korean Won | 152 (21.3%) | 170 (26.2%) | 136 (22.6%) | 111 (27.3%) | 249 (40.1%) | 244 (33.1%) | 239 (31.2%) | 186 (29.9%) | ||
| 100–200 million Korean Won | 231 (32.4%) | 181 (27.8%) | 196 (32.5%) | 136 (33.4%) | 184 (29.6%) | 226 (30.6%) | 222 (28.9%) | 177 (28.4%) | ||
| >200 million Korean Won | 329 (46.2%) | 299 (46.0%) | 271 (44.9%) | 160 (39.3%) | 188 (30.3%) | 268 (36.3%) | 306 (39.9%) | 260 (41.7%) | ||
| Energy intake, kcal/day | 27.4 ± 28.9 | 25.1 ± 31.0 | 22.2 ± 29.5 | 19.6 ± 29.6 | <0.001 | 5.5 ± 10.0 | 4.8 ± 9.2 | 4.6 ± 7.7 | 3.2 ± 3.7 | 0.021 |
*
p-value for the comparison of the baseline characteristics among sex-specific quartile groups of oxidative balance score at the baseline survey.
Significance was set at p < 0.05.
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein.