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. 2022 Dec 15;9:1091757. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1091757

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Regulation of mammalian PDX1 gene by multiple factors. Expression of PDX1 is controlled by numerous epigenetic factors such as nucleosome positioning, histone methylation, histone acetylation, accessibility of enhancers and non-coding RNAs. PDX1 expression can be upregulated (bold green upward arrows) or downregulated (bold red downward arrows) by any of these factors. (A). Distant enhancers known as areas I-IV, participate in PDX1 transcription regulation due to their ability to bind transcription factors and boost gene expression. Same TFs can bind to multiple areas with different affinities, for example FOXA1/2 occupy area IV more efficiently (bold green arrows) than other areas (narrow green arrows). (B). regulation of PDX1 through upstream regulatory factors (USF) and E-box. (C). interaction of PDX1 and histone deacetylases. (D). interaction between β-arrestin-1, P300 and their role in PDX1 regulation. (E). PDX1 recruitment to Lys methyltransferase Set7/9. (F). RNA modification in PDX1 regulation. (G). (H). role of ncRNAs in PDX1 regulation.