Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline by biomarker-defined groups in the ADNI database
| Characteristic | Stage 0 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | SNAP | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 43 | 34 | 118 | 30 | – |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 75.28 (5.4) | 75.25 (5.4) | 74.81 (7.2) | 77.11 (7.3) | 0.413 |
| Female, n (%) | 15 (34.9) | 9 (26.5) | 53 (44.9) | 11 (36.7) | 0.226 |
| Education, mean (SD), y | 15.58 (3.0) | 15.50 (3.7) | 15.73 (3.1) | 15.87 (2.8) | 0.961 |
| APOE ε4 carriers, n (%) | 4 (9.3) | 16 (47.1) | 85 (72.0) | 6 (20.0) | < 0.001 |
| MMSE score, mean (SD) | 28.53 (1.3) | 26.38 (2.5) | 25.93 (2.7) | 28.13 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
| AD diagnosis, n (%) | 1 (2.3) | 6 (17.6) | 39 (33.1) | 3 (10.0) | < 0.001 |
| CSF IL-3, mean (SD) | − 2.12 (0.3) | − 2.37 (0.3) | − 2.21 (0.3) | − 1.97 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| CSF biomarkers, mean (SD), pg/ml | |||||
| CSF sTREM2 | 4451.21 (2129.9) | 3043.37 (1284.5) | 4547.32 (2000.8) | 5446.16 (1895.3) | < 0.001 |
| CSF Aβ42 | 1445.07 (256.5) | 632.19 (199.7) | 609.02 (167.5) | 1549.27 (428.8) | < 0.001 |
| CSF p-tau | 16.89 (2.8) | 16.38 (3.7) | 35.95 (10.0) | 29.00 (10.7) | < 0.001 |
| CSF t-tau | 191.95 (31.4) | 178.69 (34.7) | 356.87 (91.6) | 314.17 (86.7) | < 0.001 |
Aβ β-amyloid, AD Alzheimer’s disease, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, IL-3 interleukin-3, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, p-tau phosphorylated tau, t-tau total tau
P values were computed with the one-way analysis of covariance test for age, education, MMSE score, CSF IL-3, CSF sTREM2, CSF Aβ42, CSF t-tau, CSF p-tau; with the χ2 test for sex and APOE status