Table 1.
Bivariate analysis between participants' characteristics and the uptake of ITN and IPTpSP—Kenya MIS 2020
| Explanatory variables | IPTpSP Uptake | ITN Uptake | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One or more doses of IPTpSP n=736 n (%) | No IPTpSP n=991 n (%) | Chi- statisti 2 | P-value | ITN use n = 932 n (%) | No ITN use n = 795 n (%) | Chi statistic2 | P-value | |
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||||
| 15–24 | 233 (41.2) | 333 (58.8) | 4.24 | 0.475 | 303 (53.5) | 263 (46.5) | 3.54 | 0.602 |
| 25–34 | 365 (43.4) | 475 (56.6) | 456 (54.2) | 384 (45.8) | ||||
| 35–49 | 128 (48.5) | 136 (51.5) | 158 (59.9) | 106 (40.1) | ||||
| Residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 240 (39.7) | 365 (60.3) | 4.43 | 0.365 | 320 (52.9) | 285 (47.1) | 1.63 | 0.561 |
| Rural | 486 (45.6) | 580 (54.4) | 597 (56.0) | 469 (44.0) | ||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| No education | 59 (41.4) | 83 (58.6) | 38 (26.5) | 104 (73.5) | ||||
| Primary education | 351 (53.0) | 311 (47.0) | 51.06 | 0.002a | 373 (55.3) | 289 (43.7) | 57.25 | 0.008a |
| Secondary education | 244 (39.0) | 382 (61.0) | 375 (59.9) | 251 (40.1) | ||||
| Tertiary education | 73 (30.2) | 169 (69.8) | 132 (54.6) | 109 (45.4) | ||||
| Religion | ||||||||
| No religion & other | 15 (32.6) | 31 (67.4) | 20 (43.6) | 26 (56.4) | ||||
| Roman catholic | 110 (39.2) | 171 (60.8) | 15.89 | 0.056 | 162 (57.9) | 118 (42.1) | 11.22 | 0.334 |
| Protestant/other christian | 537 (43.5) | 697 (56.5) | 687 (55.7]) | 546 (44.3) | ||||
| Muslim | 65 (58.7) | 46 (41.3) | 47 (42.6) | 57 (63.3) | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||
| Poor | 337 (52.6) | 303 (47.4) | 40.01 | 0.035a | 345 (54.0) | 295 (46.0) | 6.18 | 0.590 |
| Middle-class | 130 (40.9) | 188 (59.1) | 159 (50.0) | 159 (50.0) | ||||
| Rich | 259 (36.4) | 452 (63.6) | 411 (57.8) | 300 (42.2) | ||||
| Parity | ||||||||
| Para 2 or less | 353 (40.6) | 518 (59.4) | 21.09 | 0.020a | 497 (57.0) | 374 (43.0) | 3.76 | 0.700 |
| Para 3 & 4 | 222 (42.0) | 306 (58.0) | 276 (52.63) | 252 (47.7) | ||||
| Para 5 & 6+ | 151 (55.5) | 121 (44.5) | 144 (52.9 | 128 (47.1) | ||||
| Exposure to malaria messages | ||||||||
| No | 406 (38.3) | 653 (61.7) | 33.30 | <0.001a | 534 (49.1) | 526 (50.9) | 25.48 | 0.005a |
| Yes | 320 (52.4) | 291 (47.6) | 383 (62.7) | 228 (37.3) | ||||
| Number of ANC visits | ||||||||
| One ANC visit | 10 (33.0) | 21 (67.0) | 7.12 | 0.397 | 16 (51.7) | 15 (48.3) | 11.59 | 0.275 |
| Two ANC visits | 46 (40.9) | 66 (59.1) | 70 (62.0) | 43 (38.0) | ||||
| Three ANC visits | 181 (39.6) | 276 (60.4) | 223 (48.8) | 233 (51.2) | ||||
| Four or more ANC visits | 490 (45.7) | 582 (54.3) | 609 (56.8) | 463 (43.2) | ||||
| Household head sex | ||||||||
| Male | 517 (43.0) | 685 (57.0) | 0.41 | 0.749 | 680 (56.5) | 523 (43.5) | 5.20 | 0.319 |
| Female | 209 (44.7) | 259 (55.3) | 236 (50.6) | 231 (49.4) | ||||
| Malaria epidemiological zones | ||||||||
| Highland epidemic-prone | 111 (36.7) | 191 (63.3) | 623.57 | <0.001a | 213 (70.8) | 87.9 (29.2) | 184.79 | <0.001a |
| Lake endemic | 341 (86.8) | 52 (13.2) | 285 (72.5) | 107 (27.5) | ||||
| Coastal endemic | 106 (80.8) | 25 (19.2) | 87 (66.2) | 44 (33.8) | ||||
| Seasonal | 61 (28.2) | 156 (71.8) | 81 (37.4) | 135 (62.6) | ||||
| Low risk | 107 (17.1) | 521 (82.9) | 250 (39.8) | 387 (60.2) | ||||
P-values are from chi-squared tests. IPTpSP is Intermittent preventive treatment with Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine in pregnancy
ITN insecticide treated net, ANC antenatal care, RRR Relative Risk Rate
ap-value less than 0.05 is in bold