Fig. 1.
General scheme of laccase engineering towards extremophilicity. Shown are the two evolutionary trajectories from starting 7A12 (left) or RY2 (right) laccases and the selected variants of each lineage. Mutations selected in each evolution round are depicted as vertical lines in green light (for 7A12 lineage) and in red (for RY2 lineage) for alkaliphilicity engineering, and in orange for thermophilicity. Mutations selected during the evolution of 7D5 laccase to obtain RY2 variant are also shown, in the laccase sequence (in blue) or in the evolved α9H2 leader (yellow), which is used here as signal peptide to facilitate the secretion of all laccase variants