Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Prescribed Diuretics and Characteristics of Those With VCS‐20: VCS Defined as Blood Urea Nitrogen/Creatinine Ratio >20
| Variable | Diuretic, n=3051 | No diuretic, n=4393 | P value | VCS, VCS‐20, n=2626 | No VCS, VCS‐20, n=3345 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 72±11 | 67±13 | <0.001 | 72±11 | 67±13 | <0.001 |
| Sex, women | 1525 (50%) | 1874 (43%) | <0.001 | 1499 (57%) | 1220 (36%) | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||||
| Black | 114 (4%) | 91 (2%) | <0.001* | 34 (1%) | 156 (5%) | <0.001* |
| Asian | 156 (5%) | 306 (7%) | 157 (6%) | 285 (9%) | ||
| White | 2478 (81%) | 3218 (73%) | 2296 (87%) | 2730 (82%) | ||
| Other, or not specified | 303 (10%) | 778 (18%) | 139 (5%) | 174 (5%) | ||
| Continent and country | ||||||
| Europe/Australia/South Africa/Israel | 1763 (58%) | 2804 (64%) | … | 1638 (62%) | 2212 (66%) | … |
| North America | 1118 (37%) | 1234 (38%) | 810 (31%) | 824 (25%) | ||
| South America | 37 (1%) | 64 (1%) | 50 (2%) | 46 (1%) | ||
| East Asia | 128 (4%) | 277 (6%) | 128 (5%) | 263 (8%) | ||
| Hypertension | 2573 (84%) | 2580 (59%) | <0.001 | 1912 (73%) | 2342 (70%) | 0.018 |
| Diabetes | 850 (28%) | 760 (17%) | <0.001 | 640 (24%) | 660 (20%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1079 (35%) | 825 (19%) | <0.001 | 762 (29%) | 742 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 563 (19%) | 114 (3%) | <0.001 | 275 (10%) | 230 (7%) | <0.001 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 495 (16%) | 421 (10%) | <0.001 | 313 (12%) | 416 (12%) | 0.545 |
| Previous stroke | 555 (19%) | 669 (16%) | 0.002 | 480 (18%) | 644 (19%) | 0.337 |
| Previous TIA | 235 (8%) | 326 (8%) | 0.583 | 207 (8%) | 287 (9%) | 0.342 |
| THRIVE score | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–4) | <0.001 | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–5) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease stage | ||||||
| 0 | 502 (17%) | 1195 (29%) | <0.001 | 717 (27%) | 719 (21%) | 0.093 |
| 1 | 1318 (46%) | 2117 (51%) | 1234 (47%) | 1696 (51%) | ||
| 2 | 698 (24%) | 628 (15%) | 470 (18%) | 660 (20%) | ||
| 3 | 303 (11%) | 165 (4%) | 183 (7%) | 219 (7%) | ||
| 4 | 59 (2%) | 27 (1%) | 21 (1%) | 47 (1%) | ||
| 5 | 5 (0.2%) | 1 (0.02%) | 1 (0.04%) | 4 (0.1%) | ||
| Diuretics | ||||||
| Potassium sparing only | 63 (2%) | … | 261 (10%) | 259 (8%) | 0.003 | |
| Non–potassium sparing only | 2441 (80%) | 1160 (44%) | 1290 (39%) | <0.001 | ||
| Both | 547 (18%) | 229 (9%) | 234 (7%) | 0.013 | ||
| Neither | 1431 (54%) | 2017 (60%) | <0.001 | |||
| Any diuretic | 3051 (100%) | 4393 (100%) | 1192 (45%) | 1315 (39%) | <0.001 | |
| Baseline laboratory results | ||||||
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 20±9 | 18±7 | <0.001 | 23±8 | 15±6 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.03±0.37 | 0.92±0.27 | <0.001 | 0.91±0.27 | 1.01±0.33 | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 139±4 | 140±3 | <0.001 | 140±4 | 140±4 | 0.785 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | 0.011 | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | 0.024 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 144±59 | 132±54 | <0.001 | 142±58 | 133±52 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5±1.9 | 13.8±1.7 | <0.001 | 13.5±1.7 | 14.0±1.8 | <0.001 |
| Baseline blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||||
| Systolic | 154±25 | 151±23 | <0.001 | 152±24 | 153±24 | 0.436 |
| Diastolic | 82±14 | 81±16 | 0.014 | 80±15 | 83±15 | <0.001 |
| Onset to enrollment, h | 4.4±2.5 | 4.8±2.8 | <0.001 | 4.0±1.1 | 4.0±1.2 | 0.155 |
| Baseline NIHSS score | 14 (9–18) | 12 (9–16) | <0.001 | 13 (9–17) | 12 (8–16) | <0.001 |
| IV thrombolysis, rtPA | 1035 (34%) | 1323 (30%) | 0.001 | 990 (38%) | 1205 (36%) | 0.212 |
| Calculated osmolality, mmol/L | 294 ± 8 | 293 ± 8 | <0.001 | 296 ± 8 | 292 ± 8 | <0.001 |
NIHSS indicates National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; rtPA, tissue plasminogen activator; THRIVE, Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events; TIA, transient ischemic attack; and VCS, volume contracted state. *Race comparison groups are White vs non‐White.
*
Race comparison groups are White vs non‐White.