Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Dec 15;13:1070379. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070379

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Bonetto, Pasetto, Lisi, Carbonara, Zangari, Ferrari, Punzi, Luotti, Bottino, Biagianti, Moglia, Fuda, Gualtierotti, Blasi, Canetta, Montano, Tettamanti, Camera, Grimoldi, Negro, Rifino, Calvo, Brambilla, Biroli, Bandera, Nobili, Stocchetti, Sessa and Zanier

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic workflow for the biomarker characterization in two cohorts of COVID-19 patients and two cohorts of controls (ALS and healthy). The two cohorts of COVID-19 patients analyzed in the study are COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU ward Rianimazione 1 Fiera Milano COVID-19 (ICUCovid; n=79) and to COVID-19 wards ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, with neurological complications (NeuroCovid; n=78). Blood samples were drawn acutely at ICU admission and after 7-14 days (T0-T14), and in the long-term between 15 and 90 days in the ward (T15-T90). Plasma samples were isolated and then analyzed for PPIA, MMP-9, GFAP, NFL, IL-10 and TNFα biomarkers. Control groups were ALS patients (n=51) and healthy subjects (n=20). Plasma samples were isolated and then analyzed for PPIA, MMP-9, GFAP and NFL.