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. 2022 Dec 15;13:1070379. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070379

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Biomarkers comparison between COVID-19 and a neurodegenerative disorder. (A-D) PPIA (A), MMP-9 (B), GFAP (C), and NFL (D) concentrations were measured in plasma samples from ICUCovid patients (ICU n=79), NeuroCovid patients (n=78), ALS patients (PPIA n=50; MMP-9 n=51; GFAP and NFL n=34); and healthy controls (PPIA n=18; MMP-9 n=20; GFAP and NFL n=9). Violin plots indicate median, variability and probability density of biomarker concentrations. (A, B, D) Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.0001; (C) Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.0003. (A-D) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 by Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s post hoc test.