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. 2022 Dec 15;13:1070379. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070379

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Copyright © 2022 Bonetto, Pasetto, Lisi, Carbonara, Zangari, Ferrari, Punzi, Luotti, Bottino, Biagianti, Moglia, Fuda, Gualtierotti, Blasi, Canetta, Montano, Tettamanti, Camera, Grimoldi, Negro, Rifino, Calvo, Brambilla, Biroli, Bandera, Nobili, Stocchetti, Sessa and Zanier

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IL-10 and TNFα in plasma of two cohorts of COVID-19 patients. (A-H) IL-10 (A-D) and TNFα (E-H) concentrations were measured by Simoa technology in plasma from two cohorts of COVID-19 patients. (A, E) Violin plots of IL-10 (A) and TNFα (E) in the acute phase, in ICUCovid (n=79) and NeuroCovid samples (n=31). (A) Mann Whitney, ***p < 0.001. (E) Mann Whitney, p = 0.085. (B, F) IL-10 (B) and TNFα (F) were measured in ICUCovid patients at ICU admission (T0) and after 7 (T7) and 14 days (T14). ICUCovid patients were stratified as alive (n=32) or dead (n=14). Data (mean ± SEM) indicate biomarker concentrations. (B) Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures, p < 0.01 for cohort factor; **p < 0.005 alive versus dead at T14 by Sidak’s post hoc test. (F) Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures, p = 0.4709. (C, G) IL-10 (C) and TNFα (G) were measured in the acute phase in samples from NeuroCovid patients, stratified as alive (n=23) or dead (n=8). (C) Mann Whitney, p = 0.6652; (G) Mann Whitney, p = 0.5498. (D, H) The concentrations of IL-10 (D) and TNFα (H) at a longer time, in samples from NeuroCovid patients, stratified as moderate (n=18), severe (n=42) or dead (n=8). (D) Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.0001; ***p < 0.001 by Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s post hoc test. (H) Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.01; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s post hoc test.