Table 1. Characterization and Pharmacokinetics of Gold, PLGA, and Liposomal Nanoparticlesa.
| Nanoparticles | Surface coatings and candidate drug dose (mg/kg) | Hydrodynamic size (nm) | Animal model | t1/2β (elimination half-life, h) | MRT (whole body, h) | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AuNPs | PEG (MW: 5 kDa) | 13.1 ± 3.02 | Rat (M) | 57.0 | 74.6 | Dubaj et al.19 |
| AuNPs | PEG (MW: 5 kDa) | 27.6 ± 6.6 | Mouse (M) | 32.65 ± 11.64 | 47.11 ± 16.80 | Cho et al.30 |
| AuNPs | Dextran | 46 | Mouse (F) | 5.12 | NC | Bailly et al.31 |
| PLGA | Chitosan/biotinylated | 218.4 ± 21.0 | Mouse (M/F) | 16.64 | 19.06 | Chen et al.39 |
| PLGA | Red blood cell membrane | 80 | Mouse (M) | 39.6 | NC | Hu et al.40 |
| PLGA | PEG (MW: 2 kDa) | 80 | Mouse (M) | 15.8 | NC | Hu et al.40 |
| PLGA | PVA | 241 ± 36.2 | Rat (M) | 5.01 ± 1.73 | 4.96 ± 0.71 | Wang et al.42 |
| PLGA | PVA | ∼200 | Rabbit (M) | 8.25 ± 3.19 | 13.75 ± 3.48 | Haggag et al.43 |
| PLGA | Natural killer cell membrane | 134 ± 4.4 | Mouse (F) | 9.51 ± 5.74 | 13.61 ± 1.38 | Pitchaimani et al.45 |
| PLGA | No surface coatings | 140 ± 9 | Mouse (F) | 6.05 ± 0.78 | 9.29 ± 0.45 | Rafiei and Haddadi46 |
| PLGA | PEG | 186.7 ± 2.9 | Mouse (F) | 15.87 ± 1.66 | 18.46 ± 2.82 | Rafiei and Haddadi46 |
| Liposome | Lipid | 121.3 ± 48.7 | Mouse (F) | 20.49 ± 2.71 | NC | Deng et al.51 |
| Drug: 16-Dehydropregnenolone | ||||||
| Liposome | PEG | ∼100 | Rat | 23.6 | NC | Working and Dayan53 |
| Drug: Doxorubicin (DOXIL); 1 mg/kg | ||||||
| Liposome | PEG | ∼100 | Rat | 35.0 | NC | Siegal et al.55 |
| Drug: Doxorubicin (DOXIL); 6 mg/kg | ||||||
| Liposome | PEG | ∼100 | Dog | 27.0 | NC | Gabizon et al.54 |
| Drug: Doxorubicin (DOXIL); 6 mg/kg | ||||||
| Liposome | PEG, Estrone | 137.93 ± 1.22 | Mouse (F) | 20.98 ± 8.31 | NC | Han et al.57 |
| Drug: Paclitaxel; 166.39 mg/kg | ||||||
| Liposome | Lipid, cardiolipin | 150 ± 20 | Mouse (M/F) | 6.38 | NC | Pal et al.66 |
| Drug: 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38); 10 mg/kg | ||||||
| Liposome | Lipid, cardiolipin | 150 ± 20 | Dog (M/F) | 1.38–6.42 | NC | Pal et al.66 |
| Drug: 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38); 1.2 mg/kg | ||||||
| Liposome | PEG | 120 ± 6.0 | Mouse (F) | 11.0 | NC | Immordino et al.67 |
| Drug: Docetaxel; 3 mg/kg | ||||||
| Liposome | Natural killer cell membrane | 88 ± 1 | Mouse (F) | 18.0 | NC | Pitchaimani et al.186 |
| Drug: Doxorubicin; 5 mg/kg |
a
MW, molecular weight; NC, Not calculated; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid; PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol).