Figure 9.

Working model: increased apical sodium bile acid (BA) transporter (ASBT) expression, and suspected increased cholehepatic shunt, assists in increased histamine release perturbing the BA pool, leading to increased ileal mast cell (MC) activation, colonic permeability, increased fecal total bile acids (TBA), and microbiome dysbiosis in multidrug-resistant 2 knockout (Mdr2^−/−) mice. FGF, fibroblast growth factor; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; ZO-1, zonula occludens-1. Figure made with Bio-Render.com, with permission.