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. 2022 Dec 29;17(12):e0266167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266167

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of questionnaire items (1-4 scale) (Russell, 1996), Sample 1 (nationally representative adults, n = 492).

Item Mean SD
1. I feel in tune with the people around me. 3.051 0.584
2. I lack companionship. 2.413 0.853
3. There is no one I can turn to. 2.172 0.931
4. I do not feel alone. 2.363 0.848
5. I feel part of a group of friends. 2.807 0.827
6. I have a lot in common with the people around me. 2.830 0.656
7. I am no longer close to anyone. 2.331 0.938
8. My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me. 2.552 0.801
9. I am an outgoing person. 2.947 0.739
10. There are people I feel close to. 2.933 0.676
11. I feel left out. 2.446 0.788
12. My social relationships are superficial. 2.394 0.816
13. No one really knows me well. 2.643 0.889
14. I feel isolated from others. 2.420 0.867
15. I can find companionship when I want it. 3.034 0.858
16. There are people who really understand me. 2.872 0.764
17. I am unhappy being so withdrawn. 2.653 0.857
18. People are around me but not with me. 2.677 0.724
19. There are people I can talk to. 3.203 0.793
20. There are people I can turn to. 3.185 0.834