Table 3. Characteristic of recruited patients with and without preeclampsia.
| Variable | Enrolled pairs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases n (%) | Control n (%) | ||
| N | 773 | 384 | 389 |
| Maternal age (years) | |||
| mean ± SE | 30.69 ± 0.32 | 29.95 ± 0.32 | |
| 10–19 | 12 (3.13) | 29 (7.46) | |
| 20–29 | 167 (43.49) | 142 (36.50) | |
| 30–39 | 176 (45.83) | 194 (49.87) | |
| 40–49 | 28 (7.29) | 23 (5.91) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.26) | 1 (0.26) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 278 (72.40) | 274 (70.44) | |
| Single | 92 (23.96) | 110 (28.28) | |
| Co-habiting | 7 (1.82) | 1 (0.26) | |
| Missing | 7 (1.82) | 3 (0.77) | |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m 2 ) | |||
| @booking | <18.5 | 22 (5.73) | 14 (3.60) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 73 (19.01) | 121 (31.11) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 108 (28.13) | 108 (27.76) | |
| 30–39.9 | 92 (23.96) | 79 (20.31) | |
| ≥40 | 16 (4.17) | 10 (2.57) | |
| Missing | 73 (19.01) | 57 (14.65) | |
| @20 weeks | |||
| <18.5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.26) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 1 (0.26) | 0 (0) | |
| 30–39.9 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| ≥40 | 175 (45.57) | 156 (40.10) | |
| Missing | 208 (54.17) | 232 (59.64) | |
| @ after 30weeks | |||
| <18.5 | 112 (29.17) | 97 (24.94) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 13 (3.39) | 28 (7.20) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 46 (11.98) | 83 (21.34) | |
| 30–39.9 | 114 (29.69) | 106 (27.25) | |
| ≥40 | |||
| Missing | 73 (19.01) | 57 (14.65) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Akan | 180 (46.88) | 173 (44.47) | |
| Ewe | 42 (10.94) | 43 (11.05) | |
| Ga | 70 (18.23) | 95 (24.42) | |
| Hausa | 31 (8.07) | 24 (6.17) | |
| Ga-Adangbe | 9 (2.34) | 3 (0.77) | |
| Others | 31 (8.07) | 30 (7.71) | |
| Missing | 21 (5.47) | 21 (5.40) | |
| Education | |||
| No formal education | 25 (6.51) | 18 (4.63) | |
| Primary | 35 (9.11) | 55 (14.14) | |
| Junior High School | 133 (34.64) | 103 (26.48) | |
| Senior High School | 109 (28.39) | 118 (30.33) | |
| Vocational School | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.77) | |
| Tertiary | 60 (15.63) | 77 (19.79) | |
| Missing | 19 (4.95) | 1 (0.26) | |
| Alcohol usage | |||
| Gave up before pregnancy | 33 (8.59) | 24 (6.17) | |
| Gave during Pregnancy | 13 (3.39) | 8 (2.06) | |
| Never | 334 (86.98) | 355 (91.26) | |
| Missing | 4 (1.04) | 2 (0.51) | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | |||
| @booking | 60–139 | 315 (82.03) | 362 (93.06) |
| >140 | 41 (10.68) | 2 (0.51) | |
| missing | 28 (7.2) | 25 (6.43) | |
| @diagnosis | 60–139 | 42 (10.94) | 358 (92.03) |
| >140 | 332 (85.35) | 22 (5.66) | |
| missing | 10 (2.60) | 9 (2.31) | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | |||
| @booking | 10–89 | 296 (77.08) | 352 (90.49) |
| >90 | 60 (15.63) | 10 (2.57) | |
| Missing | 28 (7.29) | 27 (6.94) | |
| @diagnosis. | |||
| 10–89 | 54 (14.06) | 347 (89.20) | |
| >90 | 318 (82.81) | 33(8.48) | |
| Missing | 12 (3.13) | 9 (2.31) | |
| Gravidity | |||
| 1 | 91 (23.70) | 87 (22.37) | |
| 2 | 77 (20.05) | 1 (0.26) | |
| 3 | 61 (15.89) | 1 (0.26) | |
| 4 | 57 (14.84) | 1 (0.26) | |
| 5 | 45 (11.72) | 102 (26.22) | |
| 6 | 19 (4.95) | 74 (19.02) | |
| 7 | 19 (4.95) | 61 (15.68) | |
| 8 | 4 (1.04) | 34 (8.74) | |
| 9 | 4 (1.04) | 15 (8.74) | |
| 10 | 4 (1.04) | 5 (1.29) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.78) | 2 (0.51) | |