Table 1.
Sample characteristics, as stratified by average daily frequency of VILPA bouts (n = 25,241)
| Number of daily VILPA bouts lasting up to 2 minutes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1–2 | 3–4 | ≥4 | Overall | |
| n | 2,816 | 8,088 | 8,768 | 5,569 | 25,241 |
| Follow-up, years | 6.8 (1.0) | 6.9 (0.8) | 6.9 (0.8) | 6.9 (0.7) | 6.9 (0.8) |
| Age, mean (s.d.) | 64.7 (6.8) | 62.9 (7.4) | 61.3 (7.6) | 59.7 (7.7) | 61.8 (7.6) |
| Male, n (%) | 888 (31.5) | 2,977 (36.8) | 4,079 (46.5) | 3,119 (56.0) | 11,063 (43.8) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| Asian | 30 (1.1) | 93 (1.1) | 119 (1.4) | 84 (1.5) | 326 (1.3) |
| Black | 18 (0.6) | 74 (0.9) | 89 (1.0) | 80 (1.4) | 261 (1.0) |
| Mixed | 16 (0.6) | 40 (0.5) | 55 (0.6) | 46 (0.8) | 157 (0.6) |
| Other | 21 (0.7) | 76 (0.9) | 66 (0.8) | 60 (1.1) | 223 (0.9) |
| White | 2,731 (97.0) | 7,805 (96.5) | 8,439 (96.2) | 5,299 (95.2) | 24,274 (96.2) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | |||||
| Current | 328 (11.6) | 766 (9.5) | 775 (8.8) | 456 (8.2) | 2,325 (9.2) |
| Previous | 1,042 (37.0) | 2,898 (35.8) | 3,100 (35.4) | 1,905 (34.2) | 8,945 (35.4) |
| Never | 1,446 (51.3) | 4,424 (54.7) | 4,893 (55.8) | 3,208 (57.6) | 13,971 (55.4) |
| Body mass index | 29.6 (5.9) | 28.4 (5.3) | 27.3 (4.7) | 26.3 (4.3) | 27.6 (5.1) |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%)a | |||||
| Never | 138 (4.9) | 345 (4.3) | 300 (3.4) | 190 (3.4) | 973 (3.9) |
| Ex-drinker | 140 (5.0) | 307 (3.8) | 266 (3.0) | 155 (2.8) | 868 (3.4) |
| Within guidelines | 1,760 (62.5) | 4,939 (61.1) | 5,087 (58.0) | 3,203 (57.5) | 14,989 (59.4) |
| Above guidelines | 778 (27.6) | 2,497 (30.9) | 3,115 (35.5) | 2,021 (36.3) | 8,411 (33.3) |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| College | 975 (35.3) | 2,941 (37.0) | 3,196 (37.2) | 2,002 (36.7) | 9,114 (36.8) |
| A/AS level | 380 (13.8) | 1,010 (12.7) | 1,107 (12.9) | 702 (12.9) | 3,199 (12.9) |
| O level | 621 (22.5) | 1,763 (22.2) | 1,955 (22.7) | 1,209 (22.2) | 5,548 (22.4) |
| CSE | 105 (3.8) | 376 (4.7) | 444 (5.2) | 360 (6.6) | 1,285 (5.2) |
| NVQ/HND/HNC | 147 (5.3) | 461 (5.8) | 557 (6.5) | 401 (7.4) | 1,566 (6.3) |
| Other | 535 (19.4) | 1,389 (17.5) | 1,337 (15.6) | 776 (14.2) | 4,037 (16.3) |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption, n (%)b | |||||
| High | 889 (31.6) | 2,517 (31.1) | 2,693 (30.7) | 1,689 (30.3) | 7,788 (30.9) |
| Moderate | 1,287 (45.7) | 3,766 (46.6) | 4,067 (46.4) | 2,593 (46.6) | 11,713 (46.4) |
| Low | 640 (22.7) | 1,805 (22.3) | 2,008 (22.9) | 1,287 (23.1) | 5,740 (22.7) |
| Family history of CVD, n (%) | 1,680 (59.7) | 4,588 (56.7) | 4,752 (54.2) | 2,919 (52.4) | 13,939 (55.2) |
| Family history of cancer, n (%) | 748 (26.6) | 2,109 (26.1) | 2,221 (25.3) | 1,366 (24.5) | 6,444 (25.5) |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Cholesterol | 720 (25.6) | 1,613 (19.9) | 1,339 (15.3) | 678 (12.2) | 4,350 (17.2) |
| Blood pressure | 891 (31.6) | 1,859 (23.0) | 1,639 (18.7) | 740 (13.3) | 5,129 (20.3) |
| Insulin | 54 (1.9) | 87 (1.1) | 65 (0.7) | 28 (0.5) | 234 (0.9) |
| Self-rated health, n (%) | |||||
| Poor | 240 (8.5) | 491 (6.1) | 350 (4.0) | 142 (2.5) | 1,223 (4.8) |
| Fair | 868 (30.8) | 1,969 (24.3) | 1,845 (21.0) | 1,030 (18.5) | 5,712 (22.6) |
| Good | 1,433 (50.9) | 4,630 (57.2) | 5,290 (60.3) | 3,432 (61.6) | 14,785 (58.6) |
| Excellent | 259 (9.2) | 965 (11.9) | 1,270 (14.5) | 956 (17.2) | 3,450 (13.7) |
| Sleep (hours per day), median [IQR] | 7.3 [6.3, 8.2] | 7.3 [6.3, 8.1] | 7.4 [6.5, 8.1] | 7.4 [6.5, 8.1] | 7.4 [6.4, 8.1] |
| Acceleration magnitude (milli-gravity) [IQR] | 20.7 [17.2, 25.3] | 24.5 [20.9, 29.3] | 28.2 [24.3, 33.3] | 33.5 [28.8, 39.6] | 27.2 [22.4, 30.6] |
| Total activity (min per day), median [IQR]c | 110.2 [70.5, 169.5] | 119.1 [82.7, 181.3] | 136.3 [99.9, 196.8] | 176.8 [133.4, 239.9] | 138.3 [96.0, 201.0] |
| Light activity (min per day), median [IQR] | 92.8 [59.0, 145.4] | 94.6 [63.8, 146.7] | 98.0 [69.0, 146.6] | 105.2 [75.4, 149.2] | 98.0 [68.0, 147.0] |
| Moderate activity (min per day), median [IQR] | 12.8 [6.4, 24.3] | 20.0 [11.4, 33.9] | 27.9 [17.3, 44.1] | 39.7 [26.0, 60.0] | 25.9 [14.6, 43.2] |
| Vigorous activity (min per day), median [IQR] | – | 1.6 [0.9, 2.3] | 4.7 [2.6, 5.9] | 8.1 [7.3, 9.3] | 4.0 [1.3, 9.1] |
| Percent of total activity in vigorous activity [IQR] | – | 0.8 [0.3, 1.7] | 3.7 [2.0, 6.1] | 7.3 [3.9, 13.8] | 3.2 [1.0, 7.9] |
| VILPA bouts frequency (up to 1 min duration), median [IQR] | – | 1 [1, 2] | 3 [3, 4] | 7 [6, 9] | 3 [2, 4] |
| VILPA bouts frequency (up to 2 min duration), median [IQR] | – | 1 [1, 2] | 3 [3, 4] | 8 [6, 10] | 3 [2, 4] |
| Mortality rate (per 1,000 person-years) | |||||
| All-cause mortality | 10.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 4.9 |
| CVD mortalityd | 3.1 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
| Cancer mortalitye | 7.3 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 3.2 |
The columns breakdown corresponds to length-standardized VILPA bouts. Values represent mean (s.d.) unless specified otherwise. A/AS level, ; CSE, ; Higher National Certificate, ; Higher National Diploma, ; IQR, interquartile range; National Vocational Qualification, ; O level, .
1Alcohol consumption: above guidelines is >14 units per week, where 1 unit = 8 g of ethanol.
2Fruits and vegetable consumption: low is <5 servings per day, high is >8 servings per day.
3Daily duration of light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity.
4Calculated from the CVD mortality sample (n = 23,903).
5Calculated from the cancer mortality sample (n = 22,699).