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. 2022 Dec 29;12:22537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-25214-1

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene expression analysis of five SbPAL genes (PAL1, PAL2, PAL3, PAL15, and PAL7) in controls and sugarcane aphid (SCA) infested shoot tissues from two sorghum lines (Tx7000, Tx2783). qRT-PCR was used to determine the relative expression of each SbPAL gene, and the relative expression was estimated using the 2^−ΔΔCt method. Samples were collected at 6 hours post infestation (h), 12 h, 1 day post infestation (d) 2 d, 3 d, 6 d, and 9 d. Gene expression in control (none-infested) plants of each line is normalized to 1. Error bars represent standard error among replicates (n = 3) and the asterisks represent statistically significant changes between the controls and SCA infested samples as determined using Student’s t-test (p ≤ 0.05), while the bars without asterisk are non-significant (p > 0.05).