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. 2022 Dec 16;13:1064033. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1064033

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Wang, Tan, Li and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The influence of metalloproteinases on ECM degradation and angiogenesis. Various types of metalloproteinases in ECM-degrading are firstly synthesized as inactive precursors (zymogens) in the endoplasmic reticulum and then transported to the Golgi apparatus, which can be divided into membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and other soluble MMPs. Several immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can also produce metalloproteinases. ECM degradation is mainly performed by MT1-MMP-activated soluble MMPs, such as soluble gelatinases MMP2, MMP9 and soluble collagenase MMP13. The MMPs degrade the basement membrane structure of vascular endothelial cells and release VEGF bound to the extracellular matrix to initiate vessel maturation.