. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 14.

Published in final edited form as: Liver Transpl. 2022 Jul 21;29(1):15–25. doi: 10.1002/lt.26539

Table 2:

Univariable and multivariable models assessing clinical risk factors for waitlist mortality in patients with HH.

Waitlist Mortality Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios
	Waitlist mortality Univariable model Cox proportional HR (95% CI)		Multivariable model Cox proportional HR (95% CI)
	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Age at listing	1.01 (0.99 – 1.04)	0.22	1.03 (1.01 – 1.06)/1.03 (1.01 – 1.05) ^a	< 0.01/0.02 ^a
Female	1.81 (1.19 – 2.75)	< 0.01	1.41 (0.89 – 2.24)/1.29 (0.83 – 2.00)^a	0.15/0.25^a
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	[Reference]		[Reference]
Black	7.59 (2.74 – 21.00)	< 0.01	2.42 (0.78 – 7.48)/2.14 (0.70 – 6.51)^a	0.13/0.18^a
Hispanic	0.99 (0.40 – 2.44)	0.98	0.87 (0.34 – 2.22)/0.95 (0.38 – 2.35)^a	0.77/0.91^a
Obtained associate or bachelor degree	0.62 (0.39 – 0.99)	0.04	0.70 (0.41 – 1.19)/0.63 (0.38 – 1.04)^a	0.19/0.07^a
Employed at listing	0.27 (0.15 – 0.51)	< 0.01	0.51 (0.25 – 1.02)/0.40 (0.21 – 0.77)^a	0.06/< 0.01^a
Karnofsky performance status at listing	0.96 (0.95 – 0.97)	< 0.01	0.98 (0.97 – 0.99)	0.04
Albumin at listing	0.52 (0.39 – 0.69)	< 0.01	0.91 (0.65 – 1.28)/0.80 (0.59 – 1.10)^a	0.59/0.17^a
Previous abdominal surgery at listing	1.32 (0.89 – 1.95)	0.18
BMI at listing, kg/m²
< 18.5	1.18 (0.16 – 8.65)	0.87
18.5 – 24.9	[Reference]
25 – 29.9	0.70 (0.42 – 1.16)	0.17
30 – 34.9	0.74 (0.43 – 1.27)	0.27
≥ 35	0.91 (0.51 – 1.61)	0.74
Diabetes mellitus at listing	1.13 (0.76 – 1.68)	0.55
Ascites at listing	2.06 (1.26 – 3.36)	< 0.01	1.34 (0.76 – 2.37)/1.32 (0.78 – 2.23)^a	0.32/0.30^a
Encephalopathy at listing	1.68 (1.20 – 2.35)	< 0.01	0.93 (0.64 – 1.36)/0.99 (0.69 – 1.42)^a	0.72/0.95^a
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis at listing	2.23 (1.12 – 4.43)	0.02	0.93 (0.42 – 2.06)/0.72 (0.33 – 1.56)^a	0.86/0.40^a
History of portal vein thrombosis at listing	0.66 (0.16 – 2.69)	0.56
MELD score at listing	1.14 (1.11 – 1.17)	< 0.01	1.11 (1.07 – 1.15)/1.12 (1.09 – 1.16) ^a	< 0.01/< 0.01 ^a
HCC at listing	0.28 (0.09 – 0.90)	0.03	0.40 (0.09 – 1.67)/0.58 (0.18 – 1.89)^a	0.21/0.37^a
TIPS at listing	0.62 (0.23 – 1.68)	0.35
On life support at listing	19.68 (9.25 – 41.85)	< 0.01	4.13 (1.46 – 11.67)/7.18 (2.73 – 18.91) ^a	< 0.01/< 0.01 ^a
Dialysis at listing	5.81 (3.00 – 11.24)	< 0.01	0.74 (0.33 – 1.65)/0.78 (0.34 – 1.76)^a	0.46/0.54^a
Year of listing
2003 – 2009	[Reference]
2010 – 2014	1.09 (0.70 – 1.70)	0.71
2015 – 2019	0.88 (0.54 – 1.44)	0.60

HR, hazard ratio

Harrell’s C index for multivariable model = 0.85/0.82^a

Multivariable model run without Karnofsky performance status given limitations in its reliability in the UNOS registry

Adjusted for UNOS region of listing