Fig. 4.

Elementary diagram of the in-situ TEM cell: a special heating holder and chip, b electron tomography, with HAADF and EDX detectors for collecting 2D HAADF and elemental allocation images at diverse orientations by rotating the holder [96]; Reused with approval; Copyright 2021 Elsevier Ltd. c Schematic diagram of in-situ SI-SECM cell and relevant titration mechanism (with OCP as open circuit potential); d The kinetic rate reflected by ln [Cu(I)]) against t_delay; Reused with approval [101]; Copyright 2020 Elsevier Ltd. e The working principle diagram of ETS and CV at the same time in a three-electrode system (with CE, RE, WE) (S, source; D, drain); f The schematic diagram of in-situ ETS cell, with PtNWs electrode and aqueous electrolyte, with anions adsorbed on the IHP [103]; Reused with approval; Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. g The illustration of in-situ ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer cell for in-situ testing Fe active site during ORR [109]; Reused with approval; Copyright 2020 Elsevier