TABLE 3.

Means and standard deviations of parental stress scores, child internalizing, child externalizing, parental warmth, and parental hostility of wave 1, 2, 3, and 5.

	Wave 1	Wave 2	Wave 3	Wave 5	F-test
Parenting stress, n	7,172	7,121	7,117	7,107	670.81**
M (SD)	14.53 (4.17)	12.23 (4.09)	11.67 (4.02)	13.41 (4.39)
Child Internalizing, n	−	7,205	7,205	7,201	172.47**
M (SD)		2.45 (2.16)	2.45 (2.39)	2.96 (2.89)
Child Externalizing, n	−	7,203	7,205	7,202	336.65**
M (SD)		5.14 (3.28)	4.65 (3.32)	4.15 (3.39)
Parental warmth, n	−	7,206	7,207	7,119	732.03**
M (SD)		4.74 (0.37)	4.73 (0.39)	4.53 (0.58)
Parental hostility, n	−	7,203	7,202	7,110	712.51**
M (SD)		1.79 (0.48)	1.80 (0.49)	2.02 (0.61)

**Significance level of < 0.001. M (SD), mean (standard deviation).