TABLE 2.
Summary of engineered exosomes in ischemic stroke.
| Derived | Engineered method | Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole blood of SD rats | Que loaded and mAb GAP43 conjugated | Targeting and therapeutic drug delivery system | Guo et al. (2021) |
| Macrophage | Curcumin loaded | Accumulated Ex-cur in ischemic regions to reduce ROS accumulation | He et al. (2020) |
| MESC | Curcumin loaded | Neurovascular restoration following I/R injury | Kalani et al. (2016) |
| Macrophage | Edaravone Loaded | Improved the biovailability of Edv and prolonged | Li et al. (2020b) |
| Mesenchymal cells | Transferrin combined and enkephalin packaged | Promote neurological recovery after stroke | Liu et al. (2019b) |
| ADSC | PEDF overexpressed | Activating autophagy and suppressing neuronal apoptosis | Huang et al. (2018) |
| BM-MSC | Modified exosomes with RVG fused to exosomal protein Lamp2b | Utilized therapeutically for the targeted delivery of gene drugs to the brain | Yang et al. (2017) |
| HEK293 | RVG peptide on the surface and loaded NGF | Neuron targeting and NGF was delivered in to ischemic cortex | Yang et al. (2020) |
| MSC | c (RGDyK) peptide was conjugated and cholesterol-modified miR-210 loaded | Targets the lesion region of the ischemic brain to angiogenesis | Zhang et al. (2019) |
| HEK293T | Linked to RAGE-binding-piptide | Nose-to-brain delivery of AMO181a-chol and exerted neuroprotective effects | Kim et al. (2021) |
| Loaded with cholesterol-modified AMO181a | |||
| Brain endothelial cells | Rhodamine 123-loaded exosomes | the ability of exosomes to deliver drugs across the BBB | Yang et al. (2015) |
| MSC | MSC-exo combined with AuNPs as labeling agents | developed a method for longitudinal and quantitative in vivo neuroimaging of exosomes | Perets et al. (2019) |
| MSC | Glucose-coated gold nanoparticle (GNP) labeling and computed tomography imaging | The technique can serve as a powerful diagnostic tool for various brain disorders | Betzer et al. (2017) |
| HEK293 | Using a slight modification of the adenovirus-free transient transfection methods | The use of exo-AAVs as an efficient gene delivery tool | Orefice et al. (2019) |
| Raw264.7 | Loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and curcumin (Cur) into exosomes | Carry nanomaterials and chemical agents for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of glioma | Zhang et al. (2019) |