Figure 1.

Graphical user interface of KaKs_Calculator 3.0

It contains two panels that are devised for CDS and NCS, respectively. Methods for detecting selection on CDS are classified as: 1) approximate methods: NG by Nei et al. [23], LWL by Li et al. [22], LPB by Li [24] and Pamilo et al. [29], MLWL and MLPB by Tzeng et al. [28], YN by Yang et al. [26], MYN by Zhang et al. [27]; 2) maximum-likelihood methods: GY by Goldman et al. [25], and MS and MA by Zhang et al. [17]. Ka, nonsynonymous substitution rate; Ks, synonymous substitution rate; Kn, non-coding nucleotide substitution rate; Ka/Ks, selective pressure on CDS; Kn/Ks, selective pressure on NCS; CDS, coding sequence; NCS, non-coding sequence; MLWL, Modified LWL; MLPB, Modified LPB; MYN, Modified YN; MS, Model Selection; MA, Model Averaging.