Table 5.
Intraoperative data
| Variable | Total (N = 497) | No-ABT (n = 100) | ABT (n = 397) | P value∗ | PSM-No-ABT (n = 89) | PSM–ABT (n = 89) | P value∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic root procedure | .82 | .82 | |||||
| None | 36 (7.2) | 9 (9.0) | 27 (6.8) | .45 | 8 (9.0) | 5 (5.6) | .39 |
| AVR only | 12 (2.4) | 2 (2.0) | 10 (2.5) | .76 | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) | .56 |
| Root replacement | 153 (31) | 33 (33) | 120 (30) | .59 | 29 (33) | 27 (30) | .75 |
| Root repair | 296 (60) | 56 (56) | 240 (60) | .42 | 50 (56) | 56 (63) | .36 |
| Arch replacement | .14 | .23 | |||||
| None | 22 (4.4) | 4 (4.0) | 18 (4.5) | .82 | 3 (3.4) | 6 (6.7) | .30 |
| Hemiarch | 309 (62) | 64 (64) | 245 (62) | .67 | 56 (63) | 58 (65) | .75 |
| Zone 1 Arch | 46 (9.3) | 3 (3.0) | 43 (11) | .02 | 3 (3.4) | 8 (9.0) | .12 |
| Zone 2 Arch | 91 (18) | 23 (23) | 68 (17) | .17 | 22 (25) | 13 (15) | .09 |
| Zone 3 Arch | 29 (5.8) | 6 (6.0) | 23 (5.8) | .94 | 5 (5.6) | 4 (4.5) | .73 |
| Frozen elephant trunk | 99 (20) | 16 (16) | 83 (21) | .27 | 14 (16) | 18 (20) | .43 |
| Concomitant procedures | |||||||
| CABG | 25 (5.0) | 6 (6.0) | 19 (4.8) | .62 | 5 (5.6) | 6 (6.7) | .76 |
| Mitral valve | 8 (1.6) | 1 (1.0) | 7 (1.8) | .59 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | .32 |
| Tricuspid valve | 6 (1.2) | 1 (1.0) | 5 (1.3) | .83 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | .32 |
| CPB time (min) | 218 (177, 269) | 227 (183, 289) | 217 (176, 265) | .15 | 227 (191, 289) | 217 (182, 253) | .19 |
| Crossclamp time (min) | 142 (110, 198) | 148 (116, 195) | 142 (109, 199) | .53 | 150 (120, 192) | 139 (110, 196) | .50 |
| HCA | 477 (96) | 96 (96) | 381 (96) | .99 | 86 (97) | 84 (94) | .47 |
| HCA time (min) | 30 (22, 39) | 29 (23, 42) | 31 (22, 39) | .89 | 30 (23, 43) | 31 (24, 38) | .66 |
| Cerebral perfusion | .97 | .79 | |||||
| None | 20 (4.0) | 4 (4.0) | 16 (4.0) | .99 | 3 (3.4) | 5 (5.6) | .47 |
| Antegrade | 308 (62) | 64 (64) | 244 (61) | .64 | 59 (66) | 56 (63) | .64 |
| Retrograde | 117 (24) | 22 (22) | 95 (24) | .68 | 18 (20) | 21 (24) | .59 |
| Both antegrade and retrograde | 52 (10) | 10 (10) | 42 (11) | .87 | 9 (10) | 7 (7.9) | .60 |
| Lowest temperature (°C) | 20 (18, 24) | 19 (18, 24) | 20 (18, 24) | .43 | 18.5 (18, 24) | 19.8 (18, 24) | .37 |
| Lowest HCT (%) on CPB | 21 (18, 23) | 20 (18, 24) | 21 (19, 23) | .06 | 20 (18, 24) | 21 (18, 23) | .92 |
| Any blood products | 390 (79) | 92 (92) | 298 (75) | <.001 | 81 (91) | 73 (82) | .12 |
| Blood transfused (U) | 6.0 (1.0, 11) | 12 (6.5, 18) | 4.0 (1.0, 9.0) | <.0001 | 11 (5.0, 17) | 6.0 (2.0, 11) | <.0001 |
| PRBCs | 305 (61) | 84 (84) | 221 (56) | <.001 | 73 (82) | 63 (71) | .11 |
| PRBCs (U) | 1.0 (0.0, 4.0) | 4.0 (1.0, 8.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 3.0) | <.0001 | 4.0 (1.0, 8.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 4.0) | .001 |
| FFP | 287 (58) | 81 (81) | 206 (52) | <.001 | 71 (80) | 51 (57) | .002 |
| FFP (U) | 1.0 (0.0, 4.0) | 4.0 (1.0, 8.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 3.0) | <.0001 | 4.0 (1.0, 6.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 3.0) | <.0001 |
| Platelets | 330 (66) | 85 (85) | 245 (62) | <.001 | 74 (83) | 59 (66) | .02 |
| Platelets (U) | 2.0 (0.0, 3.0) | 3.0 (1.0, 5.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 3.0) | <.0001 | 2.0 (1.0, 5.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 4.0) | .03 |
| Cryoprecipitate | 171 (34) | 55 (55) | 116 (29) | <.001 | 48 (54) | 29 (33) | .006 |
| Cryoprecipitate (U) | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | <.0001 | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | .005 |
| Autologous blood volume (mL) | 900 (900, 1350) | – | 900 (900, 1350) | – | – | 900 (450, 1350) | – |
| Activated factor VII | 34 (6.8) | 9 (9.0) | 25 (6.3) | .34 | 8 (8.9) | 5 (5.6) | .57 |
Values are presented as median (25%, 75%) for continuous data and n (%) for categorical data. Only patients who received blood transfusion. Bolded P values indicate statistical significance. ABT, Autologous blood transfusion; PSM, propensity score match; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; HCA, hypothermic circulatory arrest; HCT, hematocrit; PRBCs, packed red blood cells. FFP, fresh frozen plasma.
∗
P values indicates the difference between autologous blood transfusion and no autologous blood transfusion groups.