Table 2.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristic, n (%) | Control (n = 216) | ERAS (n = 250) | Total (n = 466) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedure type | <.0001 | |||
| Ascending aortic | 47 (21.7) | 36 (14.4) | 83 (17.8) | |
| CABG | 75 (34.7) | 95 (38) | 170 (36.5) | |
| Valve | 65 (30.1) | 54 (21.6) | 119 (25.5) | |
| Valve + CABG | 12 (5.6) | 12 (4.8) | 24 (5.2) | |
| Other | 17 (7.9) | 53 (21.2) | 70 (15.0) | |
| Age, median (Q1, Q3) | 64 (57, 70) | 62 (51, 70) | 63 (55, 70) | .132 |
| Gender | .542 | |||
| Male | 150 (69.4) | 167 (66.8) | 317 (68.0) | |
| Female | 66 (30.6) | 83 (33.2) | 149 (32.0) | |
| Race | .568 | |||
| White | 188 (87.0) | 213 (85.2) | 401 (86.1) | |
| Non-White | 28 (13.0) | 37 (14.8) | 65 (14.0) | |
| Risk factors | ||||
| BMI, median (Q1, Q3) | 30 (25.9, 34.0) | 29 (25.0, 33.8) | 29 (25.4, 34.0) | .240 |
| Diabetes | 81 (37.5) | 93 (37.2) | 174 (37.3) | .947 |
| Endocarditis | 12 (5.6) | 60 (24) | 72 (15.5) | <.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 31 (14.4) | 52 (20.8) | 83 (17.8) | .070 |
| Chronic lung disease | 55 (25.5) | 62 (24.8) | 117 (25.1) | .869 |
| Family history of CAD | 9 (4.2) | 3 (1.2) | 12 (2.6) | .074 |
| Hypertension | 180 (83.3) | 177 (70.8) | 357 (76.6) | .001 |
| Intravenous drug use | 17 (7.9) | 56 (22.4) | 73 (15.7) | <.0001 |
| Last HbA1c, median (Q1, Q3) | 6 (5.4, 6.6) | 6 (5.6, 7.1) | 6 (5.5, 6.9) | .386 |
| Liver disease | 9 (4.2) | 27 (10.8) | 36 (7.7) | .007 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 25 (11.6) | 38 (15.2) | 63 (13.5) | .254 |
| Previous cardiac interventions | ||||
| Any | 78 (36.1) | 95 (38.0) | 173 (37.1) | .674 |
| CABG | 4 (1.9) | 3 (1.2) | 7 (1.5) | .709 |
| Valve | 20 (9.3) | 30 (12.0) | 50 (10.7) | .340 |
| Other cardiac surgery | 29 (13.4) | 35 (14.0) | 64 (13.7) | .858 |
| PCI | 42 (19.4) | 52 (20.8) | 94 (20.2) | .716 |
| Preoperative cardiac status | ||||
| Prior MI | 34 (15.7) | 56 (22.4) | 90 (19.3) | .120 |
| Heart failure | 66 (30.6) | 68 (27.2) | 134 (28.8) | .425 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (0.6) | .348 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 48 (22.2) | 53 (21.2) | 101 (21.7) | .789 |
| Operative | ||||
| CPB use | 205 (94.9) | 244 (97.6) | 449 (96.4) | .122 |
| CPB time (min), median (Q1, Q3) | 150 (118.5, 190.5) | 116.5 (89, 167) | 135 (103, 180) | <.0001 |
| Crossclamp time (min), median (Q1, Q3) | 108.5 (82, 147) | 86.5 (63, 123.5) | 94.5 (71, 133) | <.0001 |
| Postprocedure EF | 204 (94.4) | 237 (94.8) | 441 (94.6) | .865 |
ERAS, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; BMI, Body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; MI, myocardial infarction; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; EF, ejection fraction.