Table E5.

Pre–Enhanced Recovery After Surgery versus Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) opioid analgesic use by repeated measures multivariable design

	MME over time (95% CI, P value)
Pre-ERAS (Reference) vs Post-ERAS	–24.4 (–29.2-19.5), <.0001
Morphine equivalents (0-5 d)
Day 0	Ref
Day 1	–98 (–112 to –84), <.0001
Day 2	–118.9 (–132.6 to –105.2), <.0001
Day 3	–128.4 (–142.2 to –114.7), <.0001
Day 4	–133.3 (–147 to –119.7), <.0001
Day 5	–133.7 (-147.3 to –120.1), <.0001
Procedure type
Ascending aortic	Ref
CABG	–4.3 (–13.8-5.2), 0.377
Valve	–4.7 (–11.6-2.2), 0.180
Valve + CABG	1.6 (–14.6-17.7), 0.851
Other	7.3 (–4.6-19.2), 0.227
No endocarditis (Ref) vs ENDOCARDITIS	8 (–1.3-17.2), 0.091
No hypertension (Ref) vs Hypertension	–7 (–13.9 to –0.03), 0.049
NIVDU (Ref) vs IVDU	22.9 (11.8-34.1), <.0001
No liver disease (Ref) vs liver disease	4.8 (–12.3-21.9), 0.584
Cardiac presentation
Anginal equivalent	Ref
Stable angina	–2.6 (–22.5-17.3), 0.796
Unstable angina	1.9 (–18.2-22), 0.854
Non-ST elevation MI	6.1 (–19.3-31.5), 0.636
ST-elevation MI	2.3 (–28.7-33.3), 0.886
Asymptomatic	–6.7 (–27.3-14), 0.526
Other	–3.1 (–23.1-17), 0.765
Intraoperative times (min)
CPB	0.01 (–0.1-0.1), 0.804
Crossclamp	–0.03 (–0.1-0.1), 0.551

MME, Morphine milligram equivalent; CI, confidence interval; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; NIVDU, nonintravenous drug user; IVDU, intravenous drug user; MI, myocardial infarction; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass.