Table II.
Level 2 Predictors of A1C
| Predictor | Unstandardized coefficient | SE | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1C modeled by 3-month diabetes distress (robust SEs) | |||
| One year (intercept) | |||
| Constant | 7.47 | 0.41 | <.001 |
| Age | –0.24 | 0.14 | .083 |
| DKA | 1.60 | 0.65 | .021 |
| Sex | 1.63 | 0.83 | .062 |
| Income | –0.38 | 0.33 | .255 |
| Baseline stress | 0.33 | 0.20 | .116 |
| Three-month diabetes distress | –0.05 | 0.02 | .036 |
| Linear trajectory over years 1–3 (linear term) | |||
| Constant | 0.38 | 0.26 | .150 |
| Age | 0.05 | 0.07 | .488 |
| DKA | –0.63 | 0.40 | .126 |
| Sex | –0.53 | 0.41 | .206 |
| Income | –0.06 | 0.19 | .735 |
| Baseline stress | –0.11 | 0.10 | .271 |
| Three-month diabetes distress | 0.02 | 0.01 | .036 |
| A1C modeled by 3-month resilience (robust SEs) | |||
| One year (intercept) | |||
| Constant | 6.25 | 0.68 | <.001 |
| Age | –0.30 | 0.12 | .015 |
| DKA | 1.24 | 0.54 | .029 |
| Sex | 0.74 | 0.70 | .302 |
| Income | –0.27 | 0.30 | .375 |
| Baseline resilience | 0.01 | 0.10 | .906 |
| Three-month resilience | 0.07 | 0.06 | .288 |
| Linear trajectory over years 1–3 (linear term) | |||
| Constant | 1.48 | 0.46 | .003 |
| Age | 0.11 | 0.06 | .099 |
| DKA | –0.60 | 0.37 | .114 |
| Sex | –0.11 | 0.38 | .773 |
| Income | –0.07 | 0.15 | .654 |
| Baseline resilience | 0.03 | 0.05 | .570 |
| Three-month resilience | –0.08 | 0.04 | .035 |
Note. In Level 1 models, the outcomes were predicted from time (coded in years from diagnosis). Sex was coded as 1 (Male) or 0 (Female). DKA was coded as 1 (Yes) or 0 (No). All other variables were grand-mean centered.